Gar yimeɣnasen imenza n tmaziɣt deg temnaḍt n Wehran, ad naf Ǧamal Ben Ɛuf. Deg tdiwennit-a, newwi-d awal yid-s ɣef tallit-nni ideg ula d ameslay s tmaziɣt yettwagdel, ɣef leqdic deg tddukkli Numidya akked temsal-nniḍen.
Aḥric amezwaru
Aɣmis n yimaziɣen: Anwa i d Ǧamal Ben Ɛuf ?
Ǧamal Benɛuf : D ababat n twacult n semmus (5) n yigerdan. Luleγ ass n sa (7) mayyu 1960 deg Yiγil-Ali, aẓi n At Σebbas (Bgayet); maca, nekk n yiwet taddart tameẓyant isem-is “Tiniri “. Ttidireɣ deg Wehran si temẓi-w. Lliɣ u mazal-iyi d ameɣnas n tmaziɣt. Maca, tineggura-a, yerza-d fell-i waṭṭan iɣef ur bniɣ. Ḍḥiɣ-d d aceqquf ur nezmir ula i yiman-is!
Seg melmi i tkecmeḍ s annar n timmuɣnest ɣef tmaziɣt ?
“Tawekka-a n tmaziɣt, tenṭeḍ-iyi-d si temẓi-w”, acku tignatin n ẓẓmek ideg nedder tillay-nni, ur ttaǧǧant ara amdan ad yidir d arawsan, anagar kan ma yečča ul-is. Tiwtilin n yimir-nni i d-tessegra tsertit, ha ad ak-ǧǧent, ad tgezmeḍ kra uẓar i ak-icudden ɣer tgemmi-inek, ɣer tumast-inek d tmeslayt-inek… anamek-is: Ad tidireḍ d wayeḍ. Ma triḍ ad tidireḍ d kečč kan, dɣa ad tent-tcerweḍ merriɣit. Fiḥel ma zziɣ neɣ nnḍeɣ deg usmal (usenɛet) n tillay-nni n ẓẓmek d lḥerṣ. Nebda-tt s wawal deg taggara n yiseggasen-nni n 1970, syin s tɣuri n yidlisen n umezruy, ɣer tɣuri n wayen d-itteffɣen s tuffra, am uɣmis Iṭij d wayen i aɣ-d-yettawḍen sɣur Ugraw Imaziɣen… ugar ɣef wayen nettwali deg temliliyin n JSK d tezlatin iwumi nsell. Deg useggas n 1980, dɣa neṭṭef tirni deg unnar n umennuɣ s usnulfu n terbaɛt Imnayen n Numidya i yuɣalen d tiddukkla Numidya deg useggas 1990. Seg yimir-nni, ur nerkid, amennuɣ yettawi-d wayeḍ. Newwet yakk yis-sent: Addal, tasertit, idles, taẓuri… Akken i t-yenna Muḥya:“Llem-ik ddu d uḍar-ik“.
I tira, melmi i tt-tebdiḍ.?
Ddeqs-aya tura. Bdiɣ-tt s uzgar n yisefra deg useggas n 1978. Imiren, ttaruɣ-ten s Tifinaɣ. D acu kan, d tira tamazgart, mačči d tira timezgit. Di tikkelt ɣer tayeḍ kan, ini zegreɣ-d asefru. Kra seg-sen, lliɣ ssawaleɣ-ten-id di kra n temliliyin d kra n tmeɣriwin i d-yettilin deg yiseggasen n 80. Kra seg-sen tecna-ten-id terbaɛt Tilelli i d-yennulfan aseggas 1985 deg Wehran. Aḥric ameqqran seg yisefra-a, ɣban neɣ yewwi-ten waḍu i lmend n yir tignatin i seg i d-nekka. Ccwi kan, ggran-d seg-sen kra, dɣa ddan-d deg wammud n yisefra “Tujjma Tuzzma” i d-yettwazergen ɣur “L’Harmattan”, aseggas 2004. Ih! Deg-sen kra i d-yeddan deg tesɣunin “Azul” n tddukkla Numidya n Wehran, neɣ deg tesɣunt “Tidmi tamirant” n tddukkla Asirem n Wehran. Syin ɣer da, zegreɣ ɣer wayen-nniḍen: Tira n yimagraden (i d-itteffɣen di tesɣunin d yiɣmisen ama da neɣ di Merruk) ar tira n wayen i d-leqḍeɣ si timawit (timseɛraq, inzan, timucha…); ar tira n wungal, tira n twengamt, tira n ddeqs tmezgunin… Ar tura, ddeqs seg wayen uriɣ, urɛad i d-yettwazreg.
Amek i ak-id-tusa tikti akken ad taruḍ ungal Timlilt n tɣermiwin?
Di tidet, d taluft n truẓi usalu, ugar n tira n wungal. Ḥṣiɣ ma zwareɣ nekkini, sakin ad iyi-d-ḍefren wiyaḍ, dɣa yeḍra-d waya. Tikti-a, tella-yi-d deg wussan mi nella neqqar tamaziɣt ɣur Kamal Uzerrad. Maca, kukraɣ nezzeh, acku ur d-ufiɣ ansay-a n tira n wungalen di tegnit n tilawt ideg nella imiren. Ayagi deg useggas n 1990, u ɣas ma Kamal Uzerrad yessebɣes-iyi aṭas, yenna-yi-d aru kan, awi-d kan ad d-yili wungal s tagi-nneɣ. Acku imiren, anagar kan ukuẓ (4) neɣ semmus (5) n wungalen i yellan akk s tamaziɣt. Maca, asenfar-a, yefka-t unebdu i lexrif i lmend n leqdic d tlufa i d-yeqqersen fell-aɣ. Dɣa, armi mmden 10 n yiseggasen deqqal d wamek yemmed. Mi t-bdiɣ ass n 12 yennayer 2000, armi yekfa ass n 17 Tuber 2000, ufiɣ-t ibeddel tadyant, ibeddel asentel, ibeddel ula d azwel. Yettwazreg-d ɣur tezrigin “L’Harmattan” deg useggas 2002 s tullin umeddakel-iw Kamal Uzerrad, wamag da di tmurt armi i as-d-yules asizreg “Achab” deg useggas 2016.
Taggara-a, tefkiḍ aḥric meqqren n leqdic-ik i umezgun, ayɣer?
Anda i yessefk ad iliɣ, lliɣ. Lemmer ad nwali deg usekdeffir (rétroviseur), ad naf d akken deg yal tagnit, ṭṭfeɣ deg-s tirni, imedyaten: Si 1980 ar 1988, lliɣ d asleɣmay n terbaɛt “Imnayen n Numidya”; si 1999 ar 2000 mačči kan lliɣ gar yimesnulfuyen n tddukkliwin yellan di Wehran, “Asirem” d Numidya, maca, lliɣ deffir n waṭas n tigawin. Asmi yessefk ad slemdeɣ tamaziɣt, slemdeɣ-tt i wugar n 10 n yiseggasen. Asmi yessefk ad iliɣ deffir n usnulfu n tesɣunin, lliɣ… Ihi, asmi walaɣ ilem meqqren yellan di taɣult-a umezgun, acimi ara ɣulleɣ s wayen iwumi zemreɣ? Dɣa greɣ afus s tira, s usali n tmezgunin, d uwelleh n yilmeẓyen ɣer tẓuri-a tis-4. Yerna, amezgun-a, sqedceɣ-t d allal i uselmed n tmaziɣt yakk d uḥuddu n tumast-nneɣ.
Amek i d-tennulfa terbaεt Tigawt d wawal?
Am wakken i d ak-nniɣ yakan, amezgun d yiwen n ttawil umennuɣ. Ladɣa di tmetti am tagi-nneɣ ideg idles d amawi. Ɣef waya, seg wasmi i d-neslul tiddukkla Numidya i d-yedda yid-s usenfar-a n umezgun. D acu kan nefka azal i yisenfaren akken i myezwaren deg unnar. Deg yiseggasen n 1992 i tebda tikti n usnulfu n terbaɛt n umezgun. Syin ɣer da, rnan-d kra n yimdanen i iqeqdecn yakan deg taɣult-a n umezgun. Imeddukkal-nneɣ imenza, bdan s kra n tmezgunin timeẓyanin di tmeɣriwin i nesuddus. Uraren-d yiwet n tmezgunt-nsen i yigurdan deg teɣremt n yidles n Lezzayer i lmend n temlilit n tddukkliwin timaziɣin i yesuddes Ugraw adelsan amaziɣ. Maca, armi i d-rnan wid yellan qqaren tamaziɣt deg tddukkla imiren ɣer terbaɛt iwumi semman “Tafrara” d wamek bdan asali n tmezgunin n tidet, amedya “Lqaḍi d yinexḍaben” n dda Ɛebdella Ḥaman, “Anwa yextaren” n Muḥend At Yiɣil; ssulin daɣen yiwet n upirat s yezwel “Matub ur yemmut ara” d tajmilt i Lwennas Matub, deg 1998. Dɣa tarbaɛt-a, tekki deg tfaskiwin u tewwi-d kra n warrazen. Dɣa ahanay-ines aneggaru, yella-d i lmend n tefsut n yimaziɣen deg 2002. Segmi nwala ilem-a yellan deg unnar, ladɣa di tlemmast n yineḍruyen n tefsut taberkant, yerna ttwagedlen fell-aɣ yakk iberdan n umennuɣ… Dɣa neslal-d di duǧember 2002, tarbaɛt-nniḍen, s yisem-nniḍen, s talɣa-nniḍen… Tagi d tarbaɛt “Tigawt d wawal” i igan ahany-ines amenzu deg tefsut imaziɣen 2003. Seg yimiren, teṭṭef tirni hrawen deg unnar n umezgun amaziɣ armi d aseggas n 2017. Nessaram ahat ad d-tuɣal yiwwas ɣer unnar.
Yella kra wass i d-tewwim arraz?
Mačči d yiwen warraz i d-newwi! Yurew uzemmur s warrazen. Tarbaɛt “Tigawt d wawal”, terra tili i umezgun amaziɣ i tallit n 15 n yiseggasen. Tessuli 8 tmezgunin, temger-d 32 warrazen; ugar ɣef wayen yugaren arrazen, d tizrawin yemmugen ɣef umahil-ines deg tesdawiyin n Wehran, Bgayet, Tubiret,.. ula d taprufisurt Jane Goodmann n tesdawit n Bustun di Marikan, tga amahil meqqren ɣef leqdic n “Tigawt d wawal” acku iban-as-d d akken d tirmit meqqren i uselḥu n tmaziɣt. Amahil-a-ines, temmeslay-d fell-as deg temliliyin tussnanin yeḍran di tesdawit n Weǧda (Merruk) daɣen di tesdawit n Wehran.
Tettkemmil
Yesteqsa-t Khaled Achoui