Ramdane Achab d yiwen gar yimeγnasen imeqqranen n tmaziγt. Yebda amennuγ-is seg wasmi yella d anelmad n tmaziγt γer Mulud Mεemmri di tesdawit n Lezzayer tamaneγt. Yedder armi yuγal d aselmad : yesselmad tusnakt d tmaziγt di tesdawit, ama di Tizi Uzzu ama di Fransa. Ass-a, Mass Achab, d amyaru, d amnadi u yesεa tizrigin di temdint n Tizi Uzzu, zyada γef umahil-is.Nfures tagnit imi i d-yusa si Fransa γer tmurt, nerza γur-s s axxam-is akked Ramdane Lasheb i wakken ad t-nesteqsi γef kra n tγawsiwin : aselmed d tira n tmaziγt, awalen-agi ijdiden akked tmaziγt di tmendawt. Mi newweḍ, yefser-d, sdat-neγ yiwen ugerruj d ameqqran : timsirin i yura asmi yella d anelmad γer Mulud Mεemmri deg yiseggasen-nni 1970 akked ttawilat i sseqdacen deg ulmud-nsen, ama d iḍrisen neγ d ittafttaren. Iḍrisen, uran s teqbaylit, s tcawit, s temẓabit…atg. Γef temsirin-agi, dγa, i nebda isteqsiyen-nneγ.
Mass Ramdane Achab, tlemdeḍ tamaziγt γer Mulud Mεemmri, amek i d-yella wanect-a ?
R.Achab : aṭas n lecγal i yellan, ad d-zwireγ s temsirin-nni s yiseggasen n 1970 (si 1970 armi 1974) asmi qqareγ di tesdawit di Lezzayer tamaneγt. Amek i d-ttilint temsirin ? Ad nezwir s tzabut, syin ad d-yekker yiwen γer tfelwit ad d-yaru. Anda tella tucda, ad tt-yesseγti Dda Lmulud u ad d-yessefhem tucḍa-nni s yilugan n tira, akka kan mebla ma nexdem tamsirt n tjerrumt. Leεmer i nexdim tamsirt n tjerrumt i yiman-is kan akka, tettili-d mi ara tt-neḥwiğ deg useγti.Sya γer da, di&gamma,; yeqqar-aγ-d kra n wawalen ijdiden, meεna yiwen, yiwen. Amedya : ad d-yini ‘’le verbe’’ qqaren-as ‘’amyag’’, daya. Aṭas n yiḍrisen i aγ-d-yettak n Si Muḥend U Mḥend, n Yusef Uqasi d wiyaḍ. Llan yiḍrisen-nniḍen s tcawit, s temẓabit…atg. Yerna, mačči d timsirin kan i nxeddem, nteffeγ γer berra (les excursions), tettili-d tmezgunt. Cfi&gamma,; i usefru i aγ-d-yenna Muḥya, i tikelt tamezwarut, di Tala Guilef. Asefru i wumi yeqqar : ‘’ayen bγiγ mačči d awal…’’ Cfi&gamma,; daγen, γef wasmi i d-uraren tamezgunt ‘’Mohamed prend ta valise’’ n Kateb Yacine di Boughni akked di Tigzirt (les ruines romaines). Mulud Mεemmri, ihedder-aγ-d γef yinaẓuren, γef tγerma s umata. Di tazwara, ttasen-d kan kra γer yiwet n tzeqqa, meεna nuγal nettili deg waṭas yid-neγ.Yuγal yeselmad di ‘’l’amphithéâtre.’’ Zyada γef wanect-a, amur ameqqran n yinelmaden-a, uγalen ttemlilin d igrawen. Akka i d-xelqen tisγunin ‘’Iṭij’’, ‘’Taftilt’’ anda ttekkiγ…atg
Akka armi d asmi i as-ḥebsen timsiren-agi. Syin nekk ruḥeγ γer Fransa.
Ad d-nuγal, tura, ma tebγiḍ γer tira n tmaziγt. Ula s tlaṭinit, yella-d umgarad : kra qqaren ilaq ad teqqim kan tira-nni n zik ; kra qqaren-d ilaq ad tennerni. I rray-ik kečč ?
Tira n Mulud Mεemmri, teqqreb mliḥ γer teqbaylit. Kkren-d yimusnawen n yal tama, ama d wid n Lezzayer, n Lmaruk d Nijer nnejmaεen u nnan-d d akken ad nesdukel tira. Akka i d-ssufγen kra n yiwillihen di INALCO. Aya, d ayen yelhan imi iwillihen-a uγen-d akk aẓar di tjerrumt : yal tikelt ttuγalen γur-s. Acu kan tamsalt ur teqqim ara kan din. Dagi di Lezzayer, llan wid iḥeṛsen tameslayt : d tira n bessif. Nnan-as i tmeslayt akka ara tiliḍ. Ama si tama n HCA,ama si tama n tneγlaft neγ aγerbaz. Amedya : tazelγa n wurmir ğğan kan yiwet (ad), kksen (a) akked (ara). Deg waddad amaruz (yergazen ttarun-t yirgazen). Tameslayt, tuḍen, nettwali anwa ara tt-ilawin mačči win ara as-yernun aṭṭan… zemreγ ad d-fkeγ aṭas n yimdyaten. Ula d Kamel Nait Zerrad, yewwi-d asarag γef wanect-a.
Ula d tamsalt-agi n wawalen ijdiden, yella wanda i d-tezga d ugur. Txedmeḍ duktura-inek γef wanect-a. D acu twalaḍ ?
Amur ameqqran n wawalen-a, kkren-d kan akka. Imir ulac imekwan iṣeḥḥan. Llan wid yelhan, llan wid ixussen. Yerna ugur ameqqran yettili-d γer wid i ten-yessexdamen. Deg yiwen usarag i xedmeγ di tesdawit n Tizi Uzzu, nniγ-asen ilaq ad tessexdamem awalen-agi ijdiden am tεeqqayin n ddwa : yiwet sbeḥ, yiwet azal tayeḍ tameddit. Ma yella tgam-tent deg yiwet n tiremt, ad ken-tḍur.Tameslayt i d-ttarun wid yettketiren awalen-a, ur iban d acu-tt ! Yerna, mačči kan d awalen-agi kan weḥ-sen, ttawin-d ula d taseddast n tutlayin-nniḍen. Tura, ma yella yiwen ad yexdem, di lemtel, tusnakt s tmaziγt, winna bessif fell-as ad yessexdem awalen-agi. Ma d win ara ixedmen tasekla, ilaq ad iḥader aṭas. Llan wid i yettḥadaren. Mi ara nmuqel isefra n Ben Mohemmed d tuγac n Ait Menguellet dayen igerrzen.
Si tama-nniḍen, lukan ad tuγal tmaziγt d tunṣibt, qqaren-d
zemren ad frun wuguren-is ?
Ur zriγ ara !? Tura ayen d-fkan d aṭas xas ulamma mačči d tukci i d-ttaken, alamma bessif fell-asen. Nekk d acu i ugade&gamma,; ad teḍru am wayen iεeddan, ad d-inin :’’tebγam aselmed n tmaziγt, ha-t-an uselmed.’’ D acu kan aselmed-nni, fkan-t-id s ubazin-nsen. fkan-d tilibizyu, zemren ad d-fken εecra, meεna ad d-yeddu ubazin-nsen. D tunṣibt, kif-kif, tagi kif-kif. Nekk, d anect-a i ugadeγ. Icebba-yi Rebbi acu ixussen di temsalt-a, d ul-nsen i mazal yerka γef tmaziγt. D tagi i d tidet. Skud mačči s wul zeddigen, ayen akk ara d-fken ad yirẓig, ur iseεεu ara lbenna. Zemren ad tt-id-fken ‘’Internationale’’, kif-kif. Acu kan, si tama-nniḍen, ma tuγal tmaziγt d tunṣibt, ad nelḥu ciṭ γer sdat. Nekk azekka mi ara ruḥeγ γer lwilaya, yettuḥettem fell-asen ad yi-d-fken win ara yi-d-iqablen s teqbaylit. Di lamiri, kif-kif. Di lamiri-agi n Tizi Uzzu, la heddren s taεrabt.
Ma kif-kif amek i d-tettwalim timsal si berra neγ yemxalaf ?
Asteqsi-agi, yewεer. Llan wid yettabaεen lexbarat, llan wid ur netabaε ara. Nekni mi ara nsel teḍra lḥağa xas d tamecṭuḥt, tettban-aγ-d tameqqrant, neγ nessemγar-itt. Mačči am win yellan dagi yettwali, yettawi-d akka lmizan. Yerna axir nessemγar timsal wala ad neqqar kan maεlic, maεlic !
Innid s kra n wawalen n wawalen anwa i Ahmed Hamoum i yimeɣriyen-nneɣ.
Ḥmed, d yiwen umdan amagnu ittidinen am ṭaqqa n yimdanen di yal taddart taqbaylit tamsedrart, seg wid isɛedren iman-nsen ur nessemɣar ɣef wiyiḍ. Ḥmed d yiwen umdn yečča wul-is ɣef tmaziɣt, ɣef tutlayt-is d yidles ines seg asmi meẓẓi.
Almud amezwaru isɛedda-t deg uɣerbaz n taddart, imi ur as-tettunefk ara teswiɛt ad ikcem aɣerbaz azayzan (publique) ɣas akken iwwi-d aselkin n ulmud amezwaru (CEP), ikemmel deg yiɣerbazen usligen (privées) . Amezwaru-s d Zewya n Tehdib di Tazmalt ideg yeɣra aseggas, sakkin ikemmel di Al Meɛhed Al Qasimi di Lhamel anda selmaden Timsal n Ddin i d-izgan di tmazzya n Busɛada di lwilaya n Lemsila . Beɛd sin yiseggasen, iḥella-d Cccahada Al Ahliyya (BEG), irna aseggas ilmed aswir n Bakaluṛya tamezwarut meɛna ur ikemmel ara aseggas wis ssin akken ad yesɛu azref ad isɛeddi akayad n BAC. Sebba, yelan di tallit-nni ḥebsen akk iɣerbazen n wamur uslig( privé). Am akka twalêd yedda-t sɛad deg-i di neqma. Sin akin ɣriɣ di Tizi-Uzzu aseggas deg Uɣerbaz Atiknuluji i Yiselmaden, din id wwiɣ agerdas (diplome) s wacu uɣaleɣ d aselmad s tutlayt taɛrabt deg uɣerbaz amenzu teɣzi n 18 yiseggasen. Segmi ttikiɣ di tannant yiselmaden i d-tesbedd Tiddukla Tadelsant Tamaziɣt n Bgayet di 1996, bedleɣ ɣer tutlayt tamaziɣt deg useggas 1997 i- isselmadeɣ deg uɣerbaz alemmas n taddart-iw. Fɣeɣ seg uselmad deg useggas n 2010.
Anwi i d-idlisen id tesufɣeḍ ɣer ass-a ? Anti tizrigin wuɣur id feɣen?
Idlisen i d-suffɣeɣ : “Aḥeggan n Wakli d Tmacahut n Temqerqert” deg useggas 2005, “Lekdeb imzenneq” di 2007, “Amneṭri” (Le Vagabond) di 2009 , aneggaru-ya, d amud n sebɛa tullisin n umaru afransi Guy De Maupassant. Yella ihi d tasuqilt s usemyezg. Ssazergeɣ-ten-id sɣur Tizrigin Talantikit, 04 Rue Si El-Houes – Béjaïa i demma-w ( Mehsub a compte d’auteurs) d nekk i-ittazzalen am uɛeṭṭar zzuzureɣ-ten ɣef tnedlisin. Imi i yi-tsulef tegnit-a, ad snemmreɣ Tiddukla Tadelsant n Yimaziɣen n Beljik(asbl) iqeddcen di ddra n Tmaziɣt ur nettqelib ara ɣef tedrimt akked yiɛeggalen-is gar-asen Dda Cherif Hamdis imi yi-d-ssufɣen amud n tsuqilin-a ‘‘Amneṭri, Le Vagabond’’.
Anwi isental teɛna tira-k ?
Tlata ifarisen-iw imezwura, di tazwara nsen akken i ten-ttalsen zik, llan d timucuha, beddleɣ-asent lqaleb ; sselseɣ-asent win n tullist. Imi tullist temgarad ɣef tamacahut. Tullist teskan-d udem n tidet seg wakken iwudam( personages) ttawin ismawen, deg-s yettwabdar wadeg( espace/lieu) anda ḍrant tedyanin akked wakud nsent( le temps). Anect-a ur t-nettaf deg tmacahut. Adlis “Aḥeggan n Wakli” d win i d-yewwin aẓar si tumgist (mytologie) tamaziɣt. ma yella “Tamacahut n Temqerqert” tewwi daɣen asentel n tullist am tmezwarut, segmi iwudam-is d iɣersiwen yal wa s yisem ; ama d wid ittafgen neɣ ittmuruden neɣ ileḥḥun ɣef rebɛa… Adlis “Lekdeb imzenneq” daɣen am snat timezwura. Iwudam-is d isugnanen (imdanen, iɣersiwen, imɣan, aɛewwaj …). Idgan-is, d temnaḍin imgaraden illan ass-a di tmurt n Leqbayel (idurar, sswaḥel, isafen tudar, leɛrac…) yegrad adlis “Amenṭri” ula d netta asentel ines dima di laṣel-is d ullis, d amud n tullisin si ṣṣenf n tsekla taklasikit n umaru afransi Maupassant yeddren di lqern wis-19.
Amek ik-tban liḥala n wadlis di tmurt-nneɣ akked d azal n teskla taqbaylit tamirant ?
Addad neɣ liḥala n udlis, d win ur nessefraḥ di tmurt-a ma yella nesked-it s tmuɣli n layas i lmend n yiɛekkiren i nettwali. Ayen ? Tamezwarut Aql-aɣ di tallit tatiknulijit ideg tzad ṣṣenɛa, allalen n taywalt, tudert ilhan (luxe) … ɣas tesɛa amur n nniɛma, tessifsus fell-aɣ tudert meɛna ɣur-neɣ trennu-yaɣ nniqma ma nezmer ad d-nin akka ; tin n wass-a, drus-it wid iqqaren adlis neɣ aɣmis. Ddeɛwa, tuɣal ɣer tmesliẓrit (audio-visuel) ; ass-a, ismenyif yiwen ad iqqim ad ittnadi di tiliẓri ad isxentic ad ittbeddil di tregwa ara iferreǧ neɣ d aḍebsi neɣ tasfit wala ad iɣer adlis … neɣ ad ilḥḥu ifassen-is di leǧyub, isell i tezlatin wala ad iɣer aɣmis. Negra-d akked tsutwin tilexxaxin.Tis snat , amazrag( l’éditeur) ass-a, ur d-isuffuɣ ara adlis i umaru amaynut, alamma iwal-t d ayen yettwassen. Diɣ netta amek ara yettwassen umyaru ameynut ma ur d-iffiɣ ara leqdic ines ad t-ẓren yimeɣriyen, ad t-sneqden ad sqerdcen akken ad t-sseɣtin, u ad iddu di rrkeb nsen !!! Win izemren acemma, ad d-ikkes si tjernant-is akken ad d-isuffeɣ ayen yura ma d wayeḍ ad as-yanef di tama ad t-yali uɣebbar.Tis talata , leḥkem, amezwaru terza temsalt ur ifki ara azal i yidles akked tmusni ladɣa idles amaziɣ . Limer id ak terbiḥ a yul tili -d ad issali amuskir (coefficient) deg uɣerbaz illan d azref-is u di tmurt-is, u ad issebɣes asnulfu aseklan, ad ittberiḥ ad ttdellil ɣef yiḥricen-a i d-iteffɣen deg wallalen taywalt( communication) akken llan. Ass-a, tasekla taqbalit, ur teqqim kan d timawit am tinna i yettales zik yiles n umɣar d temɣart ɣer tama n ukanun. Tasekla taqbaylit n wwass-a tbeddel ; tekcem annar n tira d usizreg s tehri di yakk isental-is : tamcahut, tullist, ungal… u teǧǧuǧeɣ ama s wayen id yettwajmaɛen( isefra d timucuha iqburen) ama s usuqel si tutlayin tibeṛṛaniyin akken ad yissin idelsan nsen d wamek ddren neɣ ttidiren imir-a. Azal n tsekla taqbaylit, d win umi meqqer ccan, tasekla taqbaylit, ur teqqim ara kan di tmedyezt d tesrit (prose), ur teqqim ara kan deg uglam d ucebbeḥ n wawal. Tasekla taqbaylit ass-a, d tin ara yillin d lsas i uzekka ara ineǧren iberdan imgaraden ; d ifurkan i tangiwin tussnanin (matières scientifiques) s tid ara ikcem uɣref di tetiknulujit ara irefden tamguri (ṣṣenɛa).
Acu n wuguren ɣef acu temderkal tasekla-agi, amek i d tifrat n wuguren-agi ?
Uguren ittɛekkiren tasekla n Dda Lmulud d Beɛid n At Ɛli akked wiyiḍ d aṭas yid-sen mačči d yiwen ad d-ittwabder, ayagi, mmeslayeɣ cwiṭ fell-as deg useqsi wis-4 ; ha-ten-ah tifrat ttwaliɣ :
a) Amazrag, issefk fell-as ad isɛu tasqamut n tɣuri (comité de lecture) ara iqqaren aḍris ara t-isseɣtayen akken ad d-isuffuɣ ala ayen igerrzen di talɣa ladɣa agbur.
b) Issefk usdukel n tira ; tin i d-ssumren iɣef mtawan yimusnawen n uḥric-a.
c) Issefk ɣef tdukliwin tidelsanin d yiɣsuren n uselmed neɣ wid n lḥirfat akked tɣiwanin ad gen amkan di yal tamkerḍit i yidlisen n Teqbaylit akked tutlayin n Tamaziɣt s umata.d) Issefk ɣef yiselmaden deg yiɣebazen nsen, seg umezwaru ar tesnawit, ula d isdawanen, dakken ad ttwellihen inelmaden nsen ɣer tɣuri d unadi deg yidlisen d-ittwazergen d usebɣes nsen ɣer tira d usuddes n temliliyin ama agar tneɣriyin (interclasses) n uɣerbaz ama gar yiɣerbazen (inter écoles).
e) Tidukliwin, ad suddusent timsizzlin tidelsanin di kra n umulli illan d azamul n kra umennuɣ illan.
f) Tisuddutin am Usqamu Unnig, ilaq ad ttkemmilent deg usuffeɣ n yidlisen u ad ttaɣen amur ɣef yimura i d-isufuɣen ayen uran s tedrimt nsen imi d ayen ara sen-igen afud akken ad kemmlen.
g) Aneggaru akk, d leḥkem ma illa wayagi di lebɣi-s, izmer ad issiweḍ adlis mačči kan ɣer Tamanɣast ; ad isfel akk i tlisa ɣer tmura n Tmazɣa. Ma ulac, ad tesɛu nnif tarwa n Umaziɣ ad tcemmer iɣallen.
Acu n ttawil ilaqen akken imeɣriyen ad sɛun lebɣi ɣer tɣuri n tsekla taqbaylit ?
Ameɣri ladɣa ameẓyan, a win yufan, ad tili tmacahut s wunuɣen (dessins) ara t-iɛiwnen ɣef tegzi n wayen ara iɣer akked yiniten ara t-ijebden ad as-isnamen ara s-isḥemmlen taɣuri. Adlis, daɣen ilaq ad yili s ssuma meɛqulen umi ara izmer lǧib-is n umsaɣ-is.
Ad ṭuqtent temliliyin tidelsanin d yisaragen ɣef tsekla akken ad ẓerren yimdanen agerruj iffer udlis.
Ayen ur tettili ara la bande dessinée s Teqbaylit i umeẓyan d umeqran !?
Acu n uɣanib n tira i wulmen akken tira s teqbaylit ad tejbeḍ imeɣriyen-agi? Anwa amawal i wulmen i useqdec akken a tifsus tira ?
Aɣanib ara iḍfer umaru deg wullis yura akken ad iɛǧeb ameɣri ines, ilaq ad yili umawal isseqdec di lebɣi-s d amawal n teqbaylit issen yagi ; mačči di yal awal ad ittazzal s yimawalen-niḍen lafeɣ ad as-iḍegger tikta sakkin ad iɛyu ad t-issers ur as-I ttkemmil ara. Ma d awal amaynut, ilaq-as ad yili s kra-kra deg yinnan akked tira akken ad isuffuɣ cemm-cemma awal abeṛṛani. Anwa aqbayli ass-agi ur nessin ara awalen : azul, tanemmirt, aneɣlaf, aselway, anelmad, aselmad, adlis, imru… ilan deg iɛeddan d imeslayen ur nettwabdar !!! ???
Akken ttwaliɣ, amaru iḥettem fell-as, ad ikeccem deg uglam (description) alqayan di tirawin ines akken ad as-ifek tugna n wayen ara iɣer zun ittnezzih tugniwin n usaru ; d tid ara s-izedɣen ccfawa.
Awal ɣef tizrigin yettilin di tmurt ? Amek teddunt? Amek is sawaḍen adlis ɣer widen yecqa?
Ɣef tezrigin, ur sɛiɣ ara kra termit imi urǧin i yi-d-isuffeɣ wabɛeḍ adliṣ issenz-it ; ayen i d-suffɣeɣ, suffɣeɣ-t-id i demma-w, u d nek i t-izzuzuren ɣef tnedlisin. Ma ɣef wakken ḥṣiɣ, imazragen ssebganen-d ayagi s useɛlem d tikkin-nsen di temzikniyin ittwasuddasen yal aseggas am tin n SILA akked teɣremt n temzikniyin (palais des expositions) di tmaneɣt, tid n Usqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa di kra tamiwin n tmurt neɣ deg yirmad n yimulliyen ittilin deg yixxamen idelsanen, u tikwal ittili s ubrid n Tiliẓriyat tiɣelnawin d yimaṭṭafen akked yiɣmisen ideg ttuheggayent tedwilin d umeskar neɣ amazrag.
Amek ik-id iban yimal n tsekla taqbaylit ?
Tasekla taqbaylit, dayen, tufrar fell-as tagut ; tezwi ɣef yiman-is leɛdez i tt-iẓẓaẓin, tesruḥ faccal d qajjar. Tajmilt tameqrant truḥ srid i wid iɣensen fell-as, wid iṛwan ttejnat tiberkanin n leḥbas, wid ittwamerrten ittwadulen d wid ittwaḥeggfen… Ma d asmi tella di leɛdem, asmi tettemderkal kan di timawt, truḥ ad tader s anda ur d-uɣalent tid i tt-izwaren, d tidet ; ma d tura mi bṛaṛḥent tewwura n usnulfu d ufaris akked tesdawin i d-isuffuɣen igelfan yal aseggas, ulac fell-as tigdin. Labud igelfan ttzaden, fettin teffɣen suffuɣen u tamment ara tt-iččen akka ɣer sdat, d imawlan-is.
Awal ɣef liḥala n yidles Amaziɣ s umata s yal udmawen-is ( ccna, amezgun, tasekla, tamedyazt, sinima…) ?
Ass-a, udmawen n yidles s umata, la d-jemmɛen akk ɣer yiwen ukufi, la smarayen akk ɣer yiwen uqeffu. Axxam amaziɣ, ass-a, iɛmer ur ittɛemmir ɣas awac-awac si Tniri ɣur Ugrakal, seg Watlantik ar Siwa. Ideknan-is, reffden ; tikwatin-is, jemmɛent ; tiɣerɣert-is d tqaɛet-ines akked yisuyas, i ccna d ccḍeḥ. Tasga n lkanun, d lmenbeṛ n tsekla i usefru bu ṣṣda ; ṛṛqem n uzeṭta-s d yiɣerban-is, d décors i tmezgunin.
A-t-ah, wakken ittwali Ḥmed imal n tsekla tamaziɣt s umata di tmurt-is Tamazɣa akken t-iwala uqbel-is Dda Lmulud :
Ad aɣ-teḍru am win iffuden iswa
Am win illuẓen ičča
Am win iɛaben ilḥa
Am win idreɣlen iẓra
Akka ara tfuǧ fell-aɣ tfejrit
Ass-nni, ad ijji waggas
Ad ittwattu uneggis
yesteteqsa-t Hamid Ait Slimane
Yesteqsa-t Hocine.M