Rabeḥ Qeddur seg yilemẓiyen i d-yufraren s tazzla deg wannar n tmedyazt. Newwi-d awal yid-s di tdiwennt-a ɣef ddeqs n yisental.
Aɣmis n Yimaziɣen: Teddiḍ d tikti i d-yeqqaren amedyaz mačči d win yessefruyen awal kan, maca d win i d-yesbeyyinen aẓayer-is deg waddud-is d tikli-s ?
Rabeḥ Qeddur : Nekk seg wid i d-yeqqaren « Amedyaz, mačči d win yettcebbiḥen kan awal s tugniwin tezgel tikti! ». Tamedyazt tatiktit, neɣ tamedyazt n tiktiwin, anect-a d ṣṣwab, imi tamedyazt, ilaq ad d-tawi tikti yellan di ddhen n umedyaz s uɣanib amedyazan; meḥsub, di tazwara, ad tili tikti i yebɣa ad d-yawi fell-as umedyaz, syin ad tt-yaru s talɣa n tmedyazt i yeffɣen fell-as neɣ s uɣanib ilelli. Syin ad icebbeḥ tikti-is s tugniwin, ayen ara yeǧǧen aɣanib n tmedyazt ad yemgared ɣef uɣanib n tesrit. Lhiɣ-d deg wanect-a “Tugniwin n uɣanib”, am wakken daɣen llan yimedyazen i yessemrasen kra n tetiknikin i yellan yakan di tsekliwin tiberraniyin, akka am tsekla tafransist, aya d amaynut ɣur-nneɣ…Ihi, tamedyazt ma ur d-tegli ara s tikti deffir-s, mačči d tamedyazt! Win i yenwan tangilawt (le surréalisme) d acebbeḥ s wawalen, ad iɛiwed tamuɣli-s mliḥ di teẓriwin n tsekla tafransist.
Telliḍ gar yimedyazen i d-yuran ubriz aseklan ideg i d-tessawlem i uqeyyem n umedyaz. Acimi ur d-iban usenfar-nni seg yimir-n ?
Lliɣ deg ugraw Amedyez, seg wid i d-yuran Ubriz aseklan amenzu deg umezruy n tsekla di tefriqt n ugafa s tutlayt taqbaylit di 2016. Ur ẓriɣ ara ma d asiwel i d-nessawel i uqeyyem n umedyaz. D nekni ara iqeyymen neɣ ara yektazlen tamedyazt n yimedyazen, neɣ ad d-nerr azal i umedyaz aqbayli ! Imi di tikli-nneɣ nekni, nebɣa ad d-nekkes tasekla taqbaylit seg usfulkler, nebɣa tasekla taqbaylit ad tesɛu azal am wakken tesɛa azal ɣur Yigrigiyen, am wakken tesɛa azal ɣur Yigliziyen d Yifrensisen, am wakken tedder yis-s tmetti Taɛrabt. Nebɣa ad tesɛu tsekla taqbaylit imeḍqan i tsekla kan, mačči mi i d-tella tegnit i ccḍeḥ, ad d-siwlen i umedyaz, ad ten-id-yesteɛfu s yiwen n umedyez (asefru). Nebɣa ad tesɛu amḍiq am wakken tesɛa tsekla Tagrigit di Athena l’Agora, xas ulamma ixxamen n yidles di tmurt-nneɣ, rran-ten kan i ccḍeḥ ! Ttwalin tasekla d tẓuri d ccna kan! Neɣ wid yettwalin idles d taqendurt neɣ d abernus… Ma d asenfar-nneɣ mačči d nneḥ i newwet fell-as neɣ nestehza, imi yal yiwen deg-nneɣ isedday tikti n usenfar deg wayen yettaru. Lhiɣ-d s waya “tasekla tatiktit” imi yal yiwen yumen yis-s, llan wid i d-yessuffɣen, llan wid yettheggin, am wakken daɣen, ilaq ad ḥṣun wiyaḍ belli Amedyez d tikli, d tikti taseklant, mačči d beṭṭu uɣur i d-nessawal gar yimedyazen. D tamuɣli-nneɣ kan, d ayen swayes numen i d-nger d asenfar, yal win yumnen yis-s, yebɣa ad yili yid-nneɣ, tiwwura ldint.
Aṭas i yegren imedyazen iqburen kan deg yiwen n uqusis ifazzen. Ɣur-k yella deg-s kra n uḥqar n yimedyazen n tallit-a ?
Ma nḍeqqer tiṭ ɣer wayen uran yiberraniyen di tsekla-nsen, ad d-naf yettili ubeddel si tallit ɣer tayeḍ di tira-nsen taseklant, yettili umaynut di yal tallit. Amaynut-a, d afud i yerna i tsekla-nsen, daymi yal yiwen deg-sen s wazal-is di tsekliwin-agi. Amedya. Di tsekla tafransist, ayen i texdem La Pléiade di tutlayt-a, yeqqim-d kan akka i lebda, tbeddel udem n tsekla d tutlayt ɣer wayen yelhan. Tefka-d ula d tiririyin i wuguren i d-tufa tutlayt tafransist di lawan-nni. Mačči kan ala uguren iseklanen, ula d wid n tjerrumt d tseddast. Tasekla taɛrabt daɣen mi ara nẓer ayen i xedmen “yimedyazen n yinig” di tmurt n Marikan, agraw iwumi semman “El rrabiṭa Elqalamiya” i yellan ɣef uqerru-s di lawan-nni umaru-amedyaz afelsaf Ǧubran Xalil Ǧubran. Suffɣen-d tasekla taɛrabt si lqaleb aklasiki ɣer lqaleb ilelli. Aya akk d timerna i d-rnan afud i tsekla d tutlayt-nsen, armi sɛan daɣen azal. Ihi, ula di tsekla taqbaylit, aṭas n yimedyazen d yimura i d-yewwin amaynut di tira-nsen, wwin-d ayen ur nelli yakan, xas ulamma tasekla taqbaylit, d tigellilt deg uḥric-a, ladɣa tamedyazt, imi tuget deg-s ad tt-id-naf d “Isefra” meḥsub “Les neuvains” neɣ ayen umi neqqar “talɣa Tamuḥendit”. D aya i yeǧǧan tuget seg yilemeẓiyen imedyazen, ḥiwcen-d talɣiwin timaynutin si tsekliwin tiberraniyin, akka am : Le Sonnet, l’Alexandrin, le Caligramme, les Acrostiches, les Charades, les vers enjambés, les vers à échos, les vers libres… llan wid ɛad i d-yesnulfan ayla-nsen, wwin-d ayen ur nelli ula di talɣiwin tiberraniyin, am wakken ad d-naf isental imaynuten, akka am yisental ifelsafiyen, isental ussnanen, wid yeffɣen i tilawt. Aya yakk, ad ak-yini yiwen “Si Muḥend neɣ Lewnis d taqacuct n tmedyazt taqbaylit !” Anect-a akk n yimedyazen i d-yewwin ayen ur nelli, anect-a akk n wid i d-yufraren di tfaskiwin, anect-a akk n “les Victors Hugos, n Les Germains Nouveaux, n Louis Aragon, n Lamartine, n Khalil Gibran” s teqbaylit ulac win i ten-yessnen ! S yiwen n wawal kan, timetti taqbaylit ur teqqar ara tamedyazt!
Nwala tḥemmleḍ ad d-tessekfaleḍ deg yisefra-k aṭas n tektiwin timaḍalanin. Irennu-ak-d waya afud i tiẓin ?
Asemres n tektiwin timaḍalanin deg wayen ttaruɣ, mačči kan i useddu n umedyez, meɛna d ayen ara yeǧǧen aɣanib-iw ad ixalef ahat ɣef yiɣaniben n wiyaḍ. Tagi d tamsalt, tin yernan ɣur-s, i wacu i t-ssemraseɣ ? Acku tikwal d asenqed i senqadeɣ kra n tektiwin s wudem amedyazan, tid ur wufqeɣ ara di rray, am wakken llant tid ukud tedduɣ di tikli wala di rray. Syin, di taggara, ttakkeɣ-d tamuɣli-w nekk ɣef tikti-nni neɣ ɣef usentel-nni i d-niwleɣ, d ayen ara yeǧǧen amedyez ara aruɣ, ad d-yeffeɣ am uḍris afelsafan s tikti wala s talɣa. Anect-a yakk yedda di lǧerra n tarrayt ara yessexdem umedyaz ma yehwa-as. Nekk tiḥerci-agi i sexdameɣ, terna-yi afud deg uḥric-agi n tmedyazt. Ula d win n tsuqilt daɣen, di tuget, ttuɣalent d “tala n tehregt” acku aḥric ameqqran seg yisental i xeddmeɣ, d isental n tfelsafit.
Tettḥazeḍ deg yisental ula d kra n tlufa i tessewɛer tmetti, am tuzzuft d tesreḍt. Amek i as-tleḥḥuḍ i waya ?
Gar tlufa i yeggunin imura s umata akked wid yettarun tasekla ladɣa, tamsalt n yisental i terra tmetti d lɛib ad d-yemmeslay fell-asen umdan, imi medden ttwalin assaɣ yellan gar urgaz d tmeṭṭut neɣ tameṭṭut ɣer tmeṭṭut neɣ argaz s argaz deg wayen yeɛnan tabaḍnit-nsen, d ayen ur yessefk ad t-id-yawi umeddaḥ di tqessiḍt-is ! Nekk ttwaliɣ aya d timmuhbelt !Amedyaz, yezmer ad yessefru ɣef wayen i as-yehwan, ladɣa ayen icebḥen, lewqat ẓiden yesɛedda, neɣ yessugun-iten-id di lbal-is, ayen ara yesddukklen snat n ccbaḥat; ccbaḥa n yiḥulfan d ccbaḥa n tudert. Ur d-lhiɣ ara kan dagi d tmedyazt n tuzzuft (poésie érotique) meɛna ula d tamedyazt n yiḥulfan (poésie romantique). Mačči d aǧhal i jehleɣ mi ttanfaleɣ si tmedyazt tazamulant ɣer tin n tuzzuft d yiḥulfan, meɛna d tagi i d tasekla. Acḥal yecbeḥ mi ara teɣreḍ aḍris n Xeyyam neɣ n Qayes i yezzan ɣef Layla di tmedyazt taɛrabt, neɣ Louis Aragon ɣef Elsa, neɣ kra n yimedyaz n Charles Baudelaire di les fleurs du Mal di tsekla tafransist. Ihi ula d taqbaylit teḥwaǧ aḥric-a n tmedyazt, xas ulama ddeqs i t-ixeddmen, yemgared uɣanib s wayes ad d-tawiḍ fell-as seg umedyaz ɣer wayeḍ. Nekk s timmad-iw, sɛeddayeɣ-d izen n tuzzuft deffir n kra n tugniwin.
Awal ɣef tfaskiwin n tmedyazt d uheggi-nsent. Amek i tent-tettwaliḍ kečč?
Tifaskiwin n tmedyazt d iɣerbazen n tsekla. Yezmer umedyaz ara yerzun i tikkelt tamezwaut ɣer tfaska n tmedyazt, ad yektazel ayen yettaru s timmad-is, ad isel i wiyaḍ acu i d-wwin, ad iwali netta ayen yura, ad iẓer di taggara igemmaḍ, ad iwali acu n yisfernan i yettaǧǧan amedyez ad yesɛu lǧehd, ɣer sdat ad iɛaned alamma yedda akken ddan wiyaḍ, am wakken yeqqar yinzi-nni “A win yeddan d win i t-yifen, ad t-yettɛanad ad t-yaweḍ”. Acu kan, ayen yeɛnan aheggi n tfaskiwin-agi, win i as-yettafen asmi ara d-gren tiɣri, ad d-seddun anwa i yellan di teseqqamut n uktazel, d wacu n yisfernan i ddmen, akken yal yiwen seg yimedyazen, ad iẓer iman-is anda yella. Tin ɣur-s, limer d lebɣi-k ay ul d isdawanen ara yettilin di teseqquma-agi.
Ahat wid iḥemmlen tamedyazt-ik, ttraǧun ammud-ik amezwaru. Yella d asenfar?
Ur skiddibeɣ ara fell-ak, lukan am nekk bɣiɣ d asekles ara skelseɣ tamedyazt-iw, syin ad tt-id-suffɣeɣ d “isidiyen” (CD), imi timetti ass n wass-a ur teqqar ara tamedyazt yuran, acu kan sḥassfeɣ ɣef usekles, imi ssumat n kerru n yistudyuyen ɛeddant tilas ! D aya ara yi-yeǧǧen ad d-swejdeɣ am nekk am yimedyazen-nniḍen ammud-iw ara d-yeffɣen asmi ara as-tettunefk tegnit. Daɣen, qrib ad fakkeɣ tasuqilt n wungal “Les ailes brisés” n Ǧubran Xalil Ǧubran, tasuqilt ɣer teqbaylit. Ma d aneggaru, ha-t-an yewjed akka tura, d adlis amaẓran (théorique) ɣef tsuqilt, adlis-a yewwi azwel “Tiḥerciyin n tsuqilt taseklant” (les strategies de la traduction littéraires) ma nezmer ad d-nini akka. Ma yeffeɣ-d ad yili d adlis amaẓran amenzu ɣef tsuqilt ara yettwarun s teqbaylit. Mazal ugar n yisenfaren i aɣ-yettraǧun, lxir ɣer sdat n uḍar !
Yesteqsa-t M. K.