Tifra, d taddart deg lɛerc n yiflisen n yilel (lebḥar). Tesɛa tilisa akked Tigzirt. Zik, d nettat i d taɣiwant n temdint-agi. Deg taddart taqdimt, mazal ar ass-a ibedd uxxam amezwaru. Xas ulamma ulac anwa i t-izedɣen, meɛna yeqqim akken d inigi i tsuta i iɛeddan syin. D taddart, diɣ, n temjahedt tameqqrant Louisette Ighilahriz iqublen ljiniral Paul Aussaresses, udem ɣer wudem deg Fransa.
Takerḍa n Tifra.
Tella Tifra d taɣiwant armi d aseggas n 1963. Aseggas anda nɣan aselway-is deg tedyanin-nni n FFS. Syin tuɣal tetabaɛ taɣiwant n Tigzirt. Zedɣen deg-s ugar n 8 000 n yimezdaɣ. Ɛlayet ɣef lebḥar s wazal n 600 n lmitrat. Mazal deg taddart taqdimt, axxam amezwaru i yebnan s uẓru azal n 300 n yiseggasen-aya. D axxam n twacult Tabourga, ɣef wakken i aɣ-d-nnan. Tebda tettɛemmir taddart n Tifra deg lqern wis 17.
Tifra, d taddart mm 7 n sadat. Nnan-d amezwaru i d-yusan ɣer din, yesɛa 7 warraw-is. Syin win yemmuten, ad as-bnun taqubbet. Ɣef wakken i d-nnan, amur ameqqran n yimezdaɣ frurin-d akk seg-sen : sɛan assaɣen yid-sen. Yeldi uɣerbaz amezwaru i warrac deg taddart-a deg useggas n 1898. Ma d aɣerbaz i teḥdayin, yeldi tiwwura-s deg useggas n 1935. Mazal ar tura lǧameɛ n Uṛumi neɣ n yimasiḥiyen xas ulamma medlent tewwura-s. Am wakken yella, diɣ, uẓekka n yiwen uṭerki, Yahia Benyahia, i d-irewlen u yetneṣṣel dinna : yesɛa tawacult. Am wakken tella tmeqqbert n wid-nni yemmuten deg ṭrad n 1871 neɣ uqbel. Rnu ɣer wanect-a, 57 n yimeɣras i yeɣlin deg tegrawla n 1954-1962. Ireṣṣa lɛesker n Fransa deg Tifra deg useggas 1956.
Isem ‘’Tifra/Iflisen’’
Ɣef yisem Tifra, nnan-aɣ-d snat n turdiwin. Tamezwarut, Tifra tekka-d seg umyag ‘’Ffer’’ imi taddart tamezwarut teffer : ansi i d-tekkiḍ, akken yebɣu yili ubrid ara d-tawiḍ, ur tt-tettwaliḍ ara. Ma d turda tis snat, yezmer tekka-d seg umyag ‘’Fru’’ imi ferrun din timsal n leɛrac, ɣef wakken i aɣ-d-nnan. Awal ‘’Iflisen’’, yebɣa ad yini ‘’Les pirates’’ imi i d-kkan seg lebḥar.
Amezruy d tmetti : Yal axxam s tmazirt-is
Deg taddart n Tifra, yal tawacult tesɛa tamazirt i txeddem. Amek ? Yella umekkan n tfellaḥt, d lewḍa, kkren Wat taddart, ferqen-t d timizar, yal tawacult s umur-is. Akka, yal yiwen yessasan-d lɣella-s. Ugar n 60 n yiḥricen i nufa ttwaxedmen asmi i nerza ɣer taddart-agi : yal wa d acu i yeẓẓa deg tmazirt-is.
Zik, amur ameqqran n yimezdaɣ n Tifra, d iḥeddaden. Xeddmen leslaḥ. Mechurit, ladɣa, s ssif n yiflisen. Am wakken i fkan azal, diɣ, i tazart, azemmur d tfellaḥt-nniḍen. Ɣef wanect-a i yella ssuq n ttlata deg tama-nni armi d aseggas n 1871 i yettwakkes.
Kra n yisekkilen n tifinaɣ (Libyque) akked wunuɣen ɣef yiẓra n Yifran
Deg yiwet n teẓgi, yella umekkan qqaren-as Ifran, asget n yifri. Yewwi isem-a imi llan deg-s yifran. Deg tama-a, ad naf yiwen yifri yesɛan 9 n lmitrat deg teɣzi, 6 n lmitrat deg leɛli u 4,50 deg telqayt, yiwet n tɣerɣert ttwarun fell-as kra n yisekkilen n tfinaɣ, am L, M, Z, U…atg akked kra n wunuɣen d taklut (Peinture ruprestre). Am wakken llan kra n yizamulen, cban wid-nni seqqdacen deg talaxt deg tama-agi n yiwaḍiyen. Ar ass-a, ur yelli win i d-yelhan s useḥbiber n yifran-a. Ha-ten-in qqimen akken, la ttraǧun nnger.
Kra n teqsiḍin akked tmucuha.
Youcef uday d Wat Tifra neɣ taddart n jmaɛliman
Deg yiseggasen-nni n lgirra tamezwarut n umaḍal, teqqim taddart n Tifra i laẓ imi ceyyɛen Iṛumyen lɣellat-nsen ɣer Fransa. Ihi, yekker yiwen seg taddart iruḥ s Aẓeffun ɣer yiwen wuday yesɛan taḥanut tameqqrant i wakken ad iɛiwen taddart s kra n rreẓq. Yekker Wuday-nni, iɛawen-ten akken ilaq. Asmi i d-yezzi useggas, rzan Wat Tifra ɣer din, rran aṛeṭṭal-nsen. Syin, teɣli-d lemḥibba gar Uẓeffun akked Tifra.
Yiwet n tikklet mi tennejmaɛ taddart, yekker ccix n lǧameɛ yenna-as : ‘’ilaq ad iruḥ yiwen deg-wen ɣer Youcef n Uẓeffun i wakken ad as-yerr tajmilt imi i aɣ-isellek deg teswiɛt n ddiq. Ayen yexdem, yelha, acu kan ad igerrez ma yella nerra-t-id ɣer tneslemt’’. Ihi, truḥ yiwet n tesqamut ɣer Uẓeffun. Mi wwḍen, ikuber-iten-id dayen kan, ččan seksu. Syin, snemren-t u ḍelben deg-s ad yuɣal d ineslem. Winna yenna-asen :’’limer ad uɣaleɣ d ineslem, ihi, ad uɣaleɣ am kunwi. U ma yella uɣaleɣ am kunwi, anwa ara aken-iselken deg tegnit n ddiq ‘’? Syin uɣalen-d ɣer taddart u seg yimir, uɣalen Wat Tifra ttqadaren tameddinit.
Taqsiḍt n lǧameɛ.
Nnan-d asmi kkren ad bnun lǧameɛ deg taddart-a, ur msefhamen ara ɣef umekkan anda ara t-gen : wa yeqqar da, wayeḍ yeqqar dihen. Yal ass, yettzid ucerrig gar yimezdaɣ. Seg wakken tḍul tifrat, yiwen wass kan armi i d-ufan lǧameɛ-nni yebda lebni-s. Dɣa, kkren kemmlen fell-as u theddnen ixemmimen.
Deg lǧerra n umcic
Yella yiwen umcic, yezga deg yiwen umekkan : iḥemmel amḍiq-nni d leɛmer-is. Yal mi ara t-id-awin yimawlan-is, azekka-nni ad yuɣal ɣer din. Akken-nni yal ass. Yuɣ lḥal tawacult-nni tebɣa ad d-tali d asawen, teɛya deg tama n wadda. Ihi, tmeyyez u tefra-tt d rray-is. Tenna-as :’’ad netbeɛ kan lǧerra n umcic-nneɣ. Ad nruḥ ɣer din, ad nezdeɣ. Syin ulin-d ɣer tama n ufella anda akken iḥemmel uɣersiw ad yeqqim.
Kra n wudmawen. Louisette Ighilahriz
Ha-t-an wayen i aɣ-d-yenna fell-as, uneɣmas Ferhat Tizguine. ‘’Louisette Ighilahriz, d iseɣ n tama-agi-nneɣ, ladɣa, taddart-is Tifra. D azamul n tmeṭṭut taqbaylit yecban Fadma n Soumer d tiyaḍ. Tqubel Fransa mebla lxuf xas akken sɛeddan fell-as lbaṭel am ljiniral Bigeard d Massu deg useggas n 1957 mi tt-ṭṭfen deg Lezzayer tamanaɣt’’.
Kra deg tmeddurt n Louisette Ighilahriz.
Laṣel n Tifra, deg tmurt n leqbayel. Tlul deg Oujda ass 28/08/1936. Truḥ ɣer Lezzayer deg useggas 1948 anda tella d tanelmadt. Tebda lgirra ɣef 20 n yiseggasen deg useggas n 1956. Tell agar ‘’Les porteuses de valises’’ deg ‘’La bataille d’Alger’’. Tejreḥ deg yiwen umennuɣ, syin tettwaṭṭef. Iceyyeɛ-itt yiwen n ṭṭbib ɣer Fransa. Syin lḥebs yettak-itt i wayeḍ armi d asmi i d-terwel, deg waggur n yennayer 1962. Akka tura, tettwafren ‘’sénatrice’’, sɣur aselway Bouteflika.
Kra n wudmawen n umezruy : Ouzaïd Mohamed, Tadjadit Amar.
Amussu n tmetti : Malik Ouhaddad.
Idles d teywalt : Said Tifra, Chaou Abdelkader, Ighilahriz Med Lounes, Fatma Tilikete, Leila Nekchati, Ferhat Cherkit, Said Ait Ameur…
Tadamsa : Mohamed Medjkan (Tifra lait) Deg taggara, ad snemreɣ ameddakel Ferhat Tizguine, Akli Slama d Moh Ouali.
Hocine.M