Accueil Tamazight Allalen atraren n tiknulujiya n yisallen (TIC)

Akkin i usuter s uneṣṣeb-is di tmendawt : Allalen atraren n tiknulujiya n yisallen (TIC)

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ldin-d iberdan  i

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usnerni n tmaziɣt

Yal amulli n 20 yebrir ( tafsut imaziɣen), yettuɣal-d wawal ɣef usutur n uneṣṣeb n tmaziɣt di tmendawt n tmurt. « Tamaziɣt tutlayt taɣelnawt tunṣibt », d azref iɣef nnuɣen yimeɣnasen n Umussu Adelsan Amaziɣ (MCB) deg yiseggasen n tmanyin. Mbeɛd acḥal n yiseggasen n umennuɣ, tamaziɣt tuɣal tekcem ɣer uɣebaz d tesdawit d ttawilat n yisallen izuyaz (médias public). Ɣas yella-d waya, aɣerbaz ur yessaweḍ ara ad yezzuzer akken ilaq tamaziɣt di tmetti xersum di temnaḍin ideg tt-ttmeslayen, ula d ttawilat n yisallen ( ṛṛadyu d tilibizyu izuyaz) ur ssawḍen ara ad qamen akken ilaq s yes, imi tewwi-ten zzedwa n lfulkluṛ rnu ɣur-s lixṣaṣ n usileɣ n yineɣmasen d wid akk iqeddcen deg walɣagduden-a (masses medias), yerna tuget deg-sen ur lmiden ara tamaziɣt .  Seg tama-nniḍen, akkin i tudsiwin (institutions) n ddula aṭas n yiberdan i d-yeldin i usnerni n tmaziɣt segmi i nnernan di tmurt n Lezzayer wallalen atraren n tiknulujiya n yisallen (TIC), ama d lantirnat neɣ d tikebbaniyin n tilifun tusligin (privées) d uḥric n tsenselkimt (informatique) s umata. Deg yiseggasen imezwura ideg d-leḥqen ɣur-neɣ ttawilat-a imaynuten, aṭas i d-yesbeggnen tugdi-nsen imi ttwalin  allalen-a nnulfan-d akken ad snegren idelsan d tutlayin ur nsaɣ ara akken ilaq zdat n uzuzer n tutlayin timeqqṛanin yecban taglizit. Tugdi-ya tennerna segmi i d-yeffeɣ uneqqin n UNESCO deg useggas n 2007, ideg d-nubhen dakken aṭas n tutlayin n umaḍal i ara inegren deg taggara n tsuta (lqeṛn) ideg nella, tamaziɣt d yiwet seg tutlayin i d-yeddan deg lejrida-ya taberkant i d-tessufeɣ l’UNESCO .  Mebla ccek llant tutlayin ara inegren seg tid i d-yeddan deg lejrida n UNISCO, ladɣa tutlayin umi ur tettunefk ara tegnit akken ad kecment ɣer unnar n tira, qqiment kan d timawiyin, yerna ur d-llethan ara deg-sent wid i tent-yettmeslayen. Tamaziɣt i ikecmen yakan annar n tira deg yiseggasen n 20,  rnu ɣur-s leqdicat usnanen n unadi deg uḥric n tesnilest (linguistique), aya akk yessashel-as abrid akken ad tezger ɣer unnar atrar, annar n tiknulujiya n yisallen i as-yeldin iberdan akken ad teṭṭef amkan-is zdat n tutlayin-nniḍen. Ass-a, di lantirnat llan d imeyyaten n wadegen (sites) ileḥḥun s tmaziɣt, mebɣir ma neḥseb imdanen i tt-yessexdamen ladɣa deg yiẓeḍwan imettiyen (réseaux sociaux) yecban facebook d twitter.

Microsoft d facebook rran tamaziɣt d tutlayt n  useqdec  

Aṭas seg yisertiyen neɣ aggagen (intellectuels) yellan di tmurt, ttwalin tamaziɣt mazal-itt d taleqqaqt akken ad tuɣal d tunṣibt di yakk taɣulin (domaines) n tudert am nettat am taɛṛabt d tefṛansist. Aya ahat sseba-s d tamuɣli n nnaqes i sɛan yimdanen zdat n tutlayt-a yuɣalen di rrif seg waṭas-aya, amzun akken ur tesɛi ara tazmert akken ad d-tessenfali ɣef kra yellan.

Tamuɣli-ya n meḥyaf ger tutlayin ur telli ara ɣer wid iqeddcen deg uḥric n tsenselkimt (informatique) d wallalen n tiknulujiya n yisallen s umata imi ɣur-sen yal tameslayt i tebɣu tili yella wamek ara ad tekcem deg wahilen n yiseɣzanen (logiciels) d yisnasen inemḍanen (applications numériques). Aya sbegnent-id yimḍebbṛen n tkebbanit Microsoft, i yegren tamaziɣt  deg wahil-is amaynut, anagraw n wammud (système d’exploitation) Windows 8 deg useggas n 2012. S Windows 8, tuɣal tmaziɣt d tutlayt i s-yezmer yiwen ad yesselḥu ahilen n uselkim am nettat am tutlayin-nniḍen. Ɣef temsalt-a ladɣa yenna-yaɣ-d pṛufisur Madani Khoudir s yisem-is d amnadi di temsal n tewnaḍt akked yidles : « Ɣas ma iswi agejdan n tkebbanit Microsoft  mi tger tamaziɣt di Windows 8 d tjaṛa, maca tɛawen aṭas tutlayt-a imi i as-tefka allal n tallit ara uḥwaǧen wid i tt-yesseqdacen ama di Lezzayer neɣ di tmura-nniḍen n Tmazɣa » . Aseggas kan i iɛeddan ɣef ufares (produit) amaynut n Microsoft i yeskecmen tamaziɣt deg wahil-is, imḍebbṛen n tkebbanit n uẓeṭṭa imetti facebook, uɣalen ula d nutni qeblen akken ad rnun s wudem unṣib tamaziɣt ɣer lejrida n tutlayin i s ileḥḥu wadeg-nsen. Annect-a yella-d ɣef wakken i d-xebbṛen s timmad-nsen yimḍebbṛen n facebook, imi d luluf n yimdanen seg wid i yesseqdacen tamaziɣt deg uẓeṭṭa-ya imetti i sen-yuran isutren akken ad setɛeṛfen s tutlayt-a. Seg wass ɣer wayeḍ yettnernay umḍan n yisebtar yuran s tmaziɣt deg uẓeṭṭa-ya imetti isaɣen s waṭas deg umaḍal, mebɣir ma neḥseb amḍan n wadegen yuran s tmaziɣt i yezgan yettnernay deg uẓeṭṭa n lwab s umata. Ula d imusnawen imuzzag (spécialistes) n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ ladɣa wid n tmura tibeṛṛaniyin, taggara-ya rran lwelha-nsen ɣer wayen i d-yetteffɣen s tmaziɣt di lantirnat.  Daniela Merolla taselmadt di tesdawit n Leyde n tmurt n Hulunda (Pays-Bas), tga yiwet n tezrawt s wazal-is ɣef usexdem n lantirnat ilmend n usiẓreg n tsekla timawit tamaziɣt. Deg tezrawt-is Daniela Merolla tura-d : « Lantirnat mačči kan yessawseɛ tignatin n uzuzer n tsekla imi yessemlal imyura n temnaḍin timazɣawalin (régions amazighophones) yemxalafen akked wid yettidiren di lɣeṛba ; daɣen lantirnat iɛawen tasekla tamaziɣt akken ad d-teffeɣ seg timawit ɣer tira acku aṭas i yessexdamen ttawil-a akken ad jerrden ama d timucuha neɣ d isefra akked yinzan d temseɛṛaq » . ( Ẓeṛ : Daniela Merolla, Existe-t-il un système littéraire berbère ? Des genres oraux à l’espace internet, le champ de la recherche aujourd’hui, Revue des Etudes Berbères, volume 01, CRB-INALCO, 2009). Ula d aseqdec n tmaziɣt deg yiẓeḍwan imettiyen rran ɣur-s lwelha-nsen yimnadiyen n tmura n beṛṛa, amedya n Khadija Chennoufi-Gilkes, yellan d yiwet n tnelmadt yessewjaden dduktuṛa n tesnilest tamaziɣt deg Uɣerbaz n Tezrawin ɣef  Tmura n Usammar d Tefriqt ( School of Oriental and African Studies) n tesdawit n Lundun n tmurt n Langliz. Nfuṛes tagnit nemlal akked tnelmadt-agi mi d-terza ɣer Lezzayer deg wagur n fuṛaṛ iɛeddan, nesteqsa-tt ladɣa ɣef yiswi n tezrawt-ines, atan wayen i aɣ-d-tenna : « Nekk iswi-w d tazrawt n yinawen (discours) i d-ssaẓragen yimazɣawalen deg yiẓeḍwan imettiyen ladɣa facebook, imi ass-a tamagit d tutlayt tamaziɣt ur teqqim ara kan deg unnar n usuter s ubrid n tmesbaniyin (manifestations) maca s ttawil n lantirnat tɛedda ɣer unnar n usemres, d umbaddal n yisallen d tektiwin ger yimezdaɣ n temnaḍin yemxalafen n Tmazɣa » .

Amawal n tmaziɣt yuɣal s talɣa Android

Tasenselkimt (l’informatique) yellan d taɣessa iɣef rsen yakk wallalen n tiknulujiya n yisallen ɣur-s azal d ameqqṛan deg usenfaṛ-a n usenfali n tmaziɣt. Tasenselkimt tefka-d tifrat i s yezmer yiwen ad yejmeɛ d luluf n yidlisen deg yiwen n usdaw anemḍan (fichier numérique) i ara yazen ma yebɣa ɣer yal tiɣmert n umaḍal. S usemres n usnas (application) amaynut umi ssawalen « Android », yessaweḍ umnadi di tmaziɣt n tmurt n Libya Mohammed Oumadi s lemɛawna n Tesbeddit Tiregwa yellan di tmurt n Kanada  ad d-yejmeɛ akk imawalen n tmaziɣt akken ad ten-yer d asdaw (aficyi) i yezmer ad yawi umdan di tilifun-puṛṭabl-ines. S wakka amdan yesɛan amawal-a s talɣa Android di tilifun-ines, yezmer yal taswiɛt ad inadi ama s taɛṛabt neɣ s tefṛansist ɣef yisem amaziɣ n yakk tiɣawsiwin n tudert, imi amawal-a yesɛa ula d awalen imaynuten (néologismes) i werǧin llan di tantaliwin yemxalafen n tmaziɣt. Tixuṭṭeṛt (l’importance) n tsenselkimt deg usnerni n tmaziɣt d tutlayin s umata, yemmeslay-aɣ-d fell-as Mass Djamal Nehali, s yisem-is d amnadi deg uḥric n tesnilest-tasenselkimt (linguistique-informatique) di tesdawit n Bgayet, netta yenna-yaɣ-d : « Asekcem n tmaziɣt deg uḥric n tsenselkimt, yefka-yaɣ-d aṭas n tifrat i wuguren i nettemlil deg unnar, d amedya asekcem n yisekkilen n tmaziɣt deg unagraw n wammud windows 8 d ayen ara ɣ-iɛiwnen mliḥ, ladɣa imi aya ad  d-yaf tifrat i tira n tmaziɣt deg yiseɣzanen(logiciels). Deg yiseggasen iɛeddan nettemlil uguren di tira n tmaziɣt deg yiseɣzanen imi ineggura-ya ur qebblen ara isekkilen uzzigen(caractères spéciaux) i s tettwaru tmaziɣt yecban (ɣ)  umi nezga nettarra deg umkan-is(gh), tura akka s windows 8, inelmaden-nneɣ zemren ad arun ayen bɣan war ugur ». Ad nesmekti daɣen dakken aḥric-a n tsenselkimt yefka tagnit i waṭas n yimnadiyen akken ad d-snulfun aṭas n leṣnaf n tsefsayin (polices de caractères) i tira n tmaziɣt ama s  talatinit neɣ s tfinaɣ.

Ooridoo d Djezzy  ssawalen s tmaziɣt

Ahat llan yimdanen i werɛad slan dakken wid yessexdamen imeswuriyen (les opérateurs) n tilifun-purṭabl Ooriddoo (umi sawalen zik Nedjma) d Djyzzy GSM, zemren ad fernen tamaziɣt d tutlayt n useqdec-nsen deg ubeṭṭay n umeslay (serveur vocal) ! Nenna-d aya imi tuget n yimazɣawalen i yessexdamen tilifun snen tutlayin-nniḍen ama d taɛṛabt neɣ d tafṛasist. Ma d wid neɣ tid ur neɣri ara ladɣa timɣarin, tuget deg-sent ula d nnimeṛwat n tilifun ur ssinent ara ad tent-sɛeddint. Maca aṭas seg yimdanen i yestṛeḥben s usekcem n tmaziɣt deg yibeṭṭayen n umeslay n Ooridoo d Djezzy. Akken ad nesmekti, ameswuri Djyzzy GSM yeslul-d deg useggas n 2012 ayen umi isemma « Ammas n yisawalen s tmaziɣt – Amazigh Call Center ». Iswi n tkebbanit-a ɣef wakken i d-txebbeṛ deg wulɣu i d-tessufeɣ di tɣamsa,  «  d aseqṛeb n umeswuri Djezzy ɣer yimectariyen-is ladɣa wid yellan seg-sen ttmeslayen s tmaziɣt », (ẓeṛ DDK n 23 yulyu 2012). Aseggas mbeɛd tirmit i yexdem Djezzy, ameswuri Ooridoo yerna tamaziɣt ɣer tutlayin n ubeṭṭay n umeslay ɣer yidis n taɛṛabt akked tefṛansist. S wakka win yessexdamen ameswuri Ooridoo, yezmer ad yefren tutlayt tamziɣt akken ad yekcem ɣer tnafutin (services) yemxalafen yellan di tilifun-ines. «  Ɣas ma ur d-yeffiɣ ara lexbeṛ di tɣamsa asmi i yebda yesseqdac Ooridoo tamaziɣt, maca aṭas i yeslan  s yisalli-ya, d amedya nekk, mi lliɣ sfentwiceɣ deg tilifun-inu, ur ttakiɣ armi i sliɣ di taɣect n ubeṭṭay n umeslay dakken ma klikiɣ ɣef wuṭṭun 3 zemreɣ ad selḥuɣ tilifun-inu s tmaziɣt, dɣa seg yimiren ala s tmaziɣt i ssexdameɣ tilifun-inu, am nekk am temdukal-iw », ta d cchada i yaɣ-d-tefka Soraya yellan d tanelmadt di tesdawit . Amedya-nniḍen, d Karim netta d aselmad deg tesnawit, yenna-yaɣ-d dakken « Bdiɣ ssexdameɣ Ooridoo segmi i sliɣ dakken tella deg-s tmaziɣt, aya d ayen i yessefṛaḥen aṭas imi ass-a zemreɣ ad sxedmeɣ tilifun-inu s tutlayt-iw tayemmat ». S termit-a n yimeswuriyin n tilifun-puṛṭabt, Ooridoo akked Djezzy, tamaziɣt tekcem ɣer unnar ameqqṛan  n taywalt (communication), ara s-yefken tagnit ad tennerni, ad tenfali. Di tmurt n Lmeṛṛuk, sennig n usexdem n tmaziɣt deg ubeṭtay n umeslay n Maroc Telecom, takebbanit Sony Erecsson, tessufeɣ-d ɣer ssuq yiwen n tilifun i yesɛan deg wahil-is isekkilen n tfinaɣ, i s yezmer umdan ad yaru ama d iznen (messages) neɣ ismawen  n yimsawlen (contacts) s tmaziɣt.

S wayen akk i d-nebder, ad nwali dakken allalen atraren n tiknulujiya n yisallen, ldin-d iberdan i tutlayt tamaziɣt akken ad tennerni ama s ttawil n tira neɣ n umeslay. Aya d ayen ara yessiǧehden amkan-is di tmetti d tudert n yal ass di tallit n tesmaḍalt ( mondialisation), ideg ttwakksent tlisa d wuguren n taywalt ger yigduden. Ɣas ma aneṣṣeb n tmaziɣt yesɛa tixuṭṭeṛt deg ayen yeɛnan izrfan d uṛessi n tmagit taɣelnawt, maca anerni n tmaziɣt yuḥwaǧ aseǧhed n unadi ladɣa ilmend n unawi-s (standardisation) d usekcem-is deg tsenselkimt, akken ad taɣ amkan-is ugar di ttawilat atraren n taywalt.    

Mokrane Chikhi

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