Di yal tamurt, ɣer yal agdud d tidiwin n wallaɣ i yesseftayen timeti. D asekkud n imensawen akked imedyazen id yettṛuẓun isula akken ad ggen abrid i tafat. Tafat yettawin amdan ɣer lberr n leqrar akked liser . Tafat yesseɛdalen amdan akked d inek-is . Tafat yettcuddun ifer ɣer lǧedra-as, lǧedra ɣer uẓar-is akken yal as , di yal lawan, aẓar werǧin ad yenser I tara. Di tmura yegzin taluft amedyaz s wazal-is. Bab n wawal qṛib d Nnbi. Imedyaten gten ama di tmura n usamer alemmas neɣ di tmura tutrimin( occidentales) . Imedyazen am Baudelaire, Hugo, Paul Eluard , Adonis, Nizar Qabani, Mohamed Derwich s leqder akked d leɛnaya i d yettwabder yisem-nsen ɣer timura i ten-id yurwen akked ɣer leǧnas iḍen merra. Di tmurt –nneɣ amedyaz xas ini qṛib d tacrurt ur newwi ur nerri. Deg akken yuder yiswir n tmussni ɣer-nneɣ, ma aṭas ttwalin deg-s amedah yessedhuyen arrac ma drus ccuban-t ɣer tseṭṭa –nni ur nerri tili, tella neɣ ulac-itt ḥedd ur yenḥerwel. Xuḍi zik mačči akka i yella lḥal di tmurt n leqbayel, imi imezwura –nneɣ rran ccan i – ilaqen i wawal, rran lɛez i At wawal. Ɣef aya ismawen n Yusef Uqasi, Si Muhend U Mhend, Ccix Muhend u Lhusin, Slimane Azem, Lounis Ait Menguellet, Ben Mohamed…d itran iɛemṛen igenni n tsekla taqbaylit , d iɣbula n tmussni , d tiɛwinin n usekkud yettmmalen abrid ɣer yiman-nneɣ. Maca di taggara agi, imedyazen ṛuḥen am akken t-heqqer-iten tiṭ, win id yusan ad yessew tidi-nsen zun akken tidi n wallaɣ-nsen d lmecmel win id yusan ad yeddem mebla ma yella unebbeh neɣ tilisa. Akken ad ad nnaf acimi yettseyyix u ɛerqub n tmussni tineggura agi di tmurt n leqbayel tella-d tadiwennit-agi akked umedyaz mussanen nezeh aṭas Mass Selmi Moussa.
Awal s tewzel ɣef Moussa SELMI i yimeɣriyen-nneɣ.
Lemmer d lebɣi d kečč, s ṣṣifa-k d aneɣmas, ara d-yinin awal fell-i, meɛna wicqa. Akken ad d-rreɣ s tewzel ɣef westeqsi-agi, am wakka i yi-d-tessutreḍ, nekk d amedyaz, d imsuqel. Ttaruɣ tamedyazt ɛecrin n yiseggasen aya tura. Suqleɣ-d ddeqs n yedlisen si trumit akked taɛrabt ɣer teqbaylit.
Amek i d-ilul Umezday n yimedyazen ? D acu i d-iswi-ines ?
Amezday-agi di tazwara d ttexmam aseklan amaynut, d abrid adelsan yeffɣen i yiberdan n tsertit tadelsant tuɣ tmurt. D ayen ara yemmden d aɣerbaz n tsekla d tmedyazt. Ddeqs aya i nɛewwel ad d-nesbedd tikti-ya. D acu kan llant-d kra n tedyanin i d-inebcen alali n Umezday-agi. Di yebrir 2015, tessawel-aɣ-d yiwet n tdukla tadelsant ad nettekki deg usfugel i d-thegga ddaw leɛnaya n tmehla n yedles n Tizi Wezzu. Asfugel i wuɣur i d-teɛreḍ daɣen icennayen akked wid ixeddmen amezgun. Ineggura-agi msewwaqen ad ttuxellṣen. Weqbel ad tebdu lḥefla, wid i d-yessuddsen leqdic-nni heggan « amḍiq n yiseɣ » i yinaẓuren-nni-nniḍen, nekkni ǧǧan-aɣ di beṛṛa. Mi tebda tmeɣra, winna yettanimin iqeddem-d icennayen d yikumidiyen-nni, ma d nekkni, ur aɣ d-yebdir ara maḍi. Dɣa din i tewweḍ s ajmam, tennɣel. Ur nerni ara ula d dqiqa dinna. Deg wexxam n gmat-neɣ Lyas Gecṭuli i nesɛedda iḍ. Syin imir-n i nennejmaɛ ddeqs n tikkal armi i d-nesbedd Agraw n Yimedyazen Yezdin. AMEDYEZ. Bɣiɣ ad farṣeɣ tagnit-agi ad d-bedreɣ imedyazen i d-yesbedden Agraw-agi : LOUNI Hocine, SADI Kaci, DJOUAHER Mohand-Akli, AÏT BOUSSAD Akli, DJOUDI Fahem, DALI Salima, AOUCHICHE Mohammed, GUECHTOULI Lyès, KADDOUR Rabah, LOUNI Salah, YOUNSI Mouloud, AMOUR Mouloud akked SALMI Moussa. Ger yiswiyen-ines (imi mačči yiwen kan i yellan), nessaɣay tiktiwin-nneɣ, nettwellih, nesfiqiy, nessakay imedyazen iɣeflen, nekkat ad nekkes ddel i d-teɣḍel tsertit tadelsant ɣef yimedyazen iqbayliyen, nekkat ad d-nessukkes tamedyazt taqbaylit seg useffulekler i deg i tt-tger. Aql-aɣ la nettheggi yiwen Wubriz (un Manifeste) i deg ara d-nefser tiktiwin d tmuɣliwin-nneɣ, ad t-id-nessufeɣ di tɣamsa. Syin imir-n, Agraw yelli i yimedyazen ara yettuqennɛen s umennuɣ-nneɣ
Amek i ilaq akken imedyazen, ass-a , ad sɛun izerfan-nsen di yal aḥric (rradyu, tilivizyu, tizeɣwa n tmeɣriwin …) ?
Asteqsi akken nniḍen i ilaq ad d-yettunefk : Amek ar ass-a ur sɛin yimedyazen izerfan ?! Tamedyazt d taẓuri tis xemsa ; yal leqdic n tẓuri neɣ n tsekla ara yeffɣen ɣer wegdud tewwi-d ad d-yeglu s nnfeɛ i bab-is, d ayen umi qqaren « droit d’auteur ». Aya di tmura irebḥen ulac akk fell-as awal. Tudreḍ-d tilivizyu ! Tagi iwumi semman Tilivizyu tis rebɛa n tmaziɣt tesɛedday-d kra n yimeɣruyen (rimeurs) ur tezdiɣ tehrekt ṣbeḥ meddi tenwa d tinna i d tamedyazt. Yiwwas ssawlen-d i Wakli AÏT BOUSSAD ucaylellah ɣer tedwilt « Gar-aneɣ » i wuɣur i ɛerḍen daɣen sin n yicennayen akked yimuzigiyen. Mi fuken, ssutren-asen-d ad asen-fken ccikat-nsen. Mi i asen-imekken ccak-is Wakli, nnan-as-d s taɛrabt : «Awwah ! Keččini ḥmed Rebbi imi i k-id-nesɛedda, wamma nutni ɛetben». Ayagi d lɛar, d tukksa n sser. Ula d rradyuwat yiwet nsent. Xeddmen tidwilin n tmedyazt, sɛeddayen-d imedyazen i d-yeqqaren isefra-nsen, ttalsen-asent-id i tedwilin-nni mebla ma xellṣen « les droits d’auteur ». D lɛib. Wamma tura ixxamen n yedles, seg wakken ẓran belli deffir yal tagrawla yella usefru, kkaten amek ara sburren i tmedyazt taqbaylit s weɛlaw n lfulklur. Rran imedyazen d ticcicin regglen imerǧan yis-sen. Ɣef waya, nekkni ncerreḍ-asen, mi ara aɣ-d-ssiwlen, ad gen yid-neɣ « les contrats » ma ulac maḍi am wid i ttgan d yicennayen i deg amur ameqqran deg-sen ur sɛin ara aswir-nneɣ. Ma ur qbilen ara, nettagi ad nekki yid-sen. Ilaq ad tt-id-nini, tadbelt n yedles yiwen i d idles-ines : d annuz « adelsan » i lḥekkam. Nekkni annuz nexḍa-yas. Tella taluft-nniḍen, ula d timetti ur tt-tfehhmeḍ ara. Lɣaci ur ttgan ara azal i wayen ur nesɛi ara ssuma. Ad ten-tafeḍ ɛebden kra n yicennanyen, ttaken idrimen akken ad ḥedṛen timeɣriwin-nsen, si tama-nniḍen ḥessben imedyazen « iḥerfiyen » d iɛeṭṭaren n wawal, d imattaren ! Ma ur iga ara umedyaz i yiman-is d ccɣel-is ccan, mačči d wid iḥesben tasekla d lfulklur ara as-t-yerren.
Amek yettwali Moussa tamedyazt taqbaylit tamirant ?
Tamedyazt taqbaylit tamirant tettban-iyi-d am tfelwit i deg ṭṭuqqten yiniten yemgaraden akk gar-asen (poésie contrastée). Deg wayen akk i ɣriɣ neɣ i sliɣ -yerna yif-it lemmer d ay telli tanṭulujit- ssenfaliɣ-d snat n tmedyaziyin timiranin : tamedyazt tamirant tazikit (traditionaliste) akked tmedyazt tamirant tatrart. Tazikit-nni d asiẓɣel n waman yemmuẓeɣlen yakan ! Am wakken yeqqar yinzi : «D acu i tetteffẓeḍ a wlidi, d llazuq n yilindi» ! Amawal yeḥfa, tugniwin wessrit armi kemcent, isental htutan, talɣa tefruri. Kra deg-s ur yelli d amaynut. D ayen i wumi ssawaleɣ « taddayninit ». Yerna ayagi yella ula ɣer yimedyazen yesɛan isem. Ayen i ɣef nesḥissif, (les médias) d tamedyazt-agi i ɣef ssaɣayen tafat. Ma d tamedyazt tamirant tatrart, snat ay deg-s : tatrart ibedden akked tetrart iteddun. Tin ibedden, d tamedyazt yessulin aswir aṭas ama di tikta, ama deg usentel. Imedyazen-is snulfuyen-d talɣiwin, ttekken ansi ur yekki yiwen i wawal. D acu kan tamedyazt-a teqqen ɣer yiwen n uɣanib. Tamedyazt tatrart iteddun, d tamedyazt yefflen akkin i usugen, izegren akkin i wakud. D tamedyazt n yimal. Tamedyazt tamirant tatrart s sin wudmawen-agi-ines, d rrezg n teqbaylit. Meɛna ayen i ɣef nesḥissif daɣen, ala di tfaskiwin i tt-nettaf, ulac-itt deg yedlisen.
Liḥala n udlis aqbayli… Amek-itt ? Amek id ak-id-yettban yimal-ines ?
D lḥala n Weqbayli ara ak-d-yefken lexbar ɣef tin n wedlis aqbayli. Aqbayli ass-a ur yeqqar ara, ladɣa s teqbaylit. Amek tebɣiḍ ad yeddu wedlis !? Imal-is yeqqen s imal n Weqbayli. Ma yebɣa Uqbayli ad yaki, ad yissin, ad yennerni, ad ibedd netta, ad tbedd tmeslayt-is, tewwi-d ad iɣer ; ma yerra leqraya d aweddeṛ n lweqt di tmucuha ur nemɛin, ur iteddu wedlis, ur tetteddu teqbaylit, ur iteddu Weqbayli ɣer zdat. U ayagi yessagad aṭas.
Wissen dɣa tiẓrigin yellan ma xedment ayen ilaqen akken ad yeddu wedlis aqbayli am netta am yedlisen-nniḍen ?
Di tmura irebḥen, asiẓreg d ṣṣenɛa mačči d tiḥilet. Qqaren-as « slesla n wedlis ». Imsiẓreg yettqabal s tedrimt asiẓreg. Lfayda tameqqrant tettruḥu ɣer win(le diffuseur) yettemsewwaqen akked wid yeznuzuyen idlisen (les libraires) akked win yesselḥuyen idlisen (distributeur), i ten-yettawin ɣer wid i ten-id yekmandin i yemsewweq-nni. Ayen i d-yeqqimen, azal n 10%, yettawi-t bab n wedlis. Dagi ɣur-neɣ, ad truḥeḍ ɣer yemsiẓreg, werɛad akk tesrusuyeḍ ayen i turiḍ, ad ak-d-yessuter agelmuẓ. Amur ameqqran deg-sen ula d tiseqquma n tɣuri ur tent-sɛin ara. Ayen yeǧǧan imyura qlil i d-ssufuɣen. Anwa i ixeṣren, d tasekla taqbaylit. Tella ssebba-nniḍen daɣen d tameqqrant. Ayen yettusemman Asqamu Unnig n Timmuzɣa ixeddem lmenker deg yimsiẓergen. Yettruẓu-asen ssuq. Yessufuɣ-d idlisen baṭel, netta ur ten-yesselḥuy, yerna yettagi-asen ad ten-zzenzen. Ula d amyaru ur t-id-yettṣiḥ ara ad ten-yezzenz. Tagi d tawaɣit. Tasertit n usiẓreg n HCA d lfinga i tsekla taqbaylit.
Amek alarmi ɣer ass-a, ulac tisɣunin s ddemma i tsekla taqbaylit ?
Tirit kan i zemreɣ ad ak-d-fkeɣ : Agraw n Yimedyazen Yezdin, ger yeswiyen igejdanen-ines d asefti d usnerni n tsekla ama s tesɣunin, ama s tedwilin n uwelleh d uselmed (les ateliers), ama s tsuqilin, atg.
Azal n usuqel d wacu i d-yewwi neɣ ara d-yawi i tsekla taqbaylit…?
Tasekla taqbaylit tella d timawit armi d tagara-agi kan i tuɣal d tirawit. Tasuqilt d ttawil ara d-yacaṛen ilem ur zmiren ara yemyura d yimedyazen ad d-reglen s ufares (production) imani di drus n lweqt. Ayagi ad d-yeglu s nnfeɛ meqqren. Iɣerbazen d tesnawiyin ad afen d acu ara sseɣren. Yerna tasuqilt d asaɣ ger tsekliwin, ger yidelsan. S tirmi n wiyiḍ ad d-nerbeḥ tamusni, ad d-nerbeḥ leɛdaṛ (la quantité), ad d-nerbeḥ akud, ad d-nrebbi afud i tsekla-nneɣ sya ar tizmir ad teddu s wayla-s aḥrur. Yerna daɣen s tsuqilt, tasekla taqbaylit ad terbeḥ tawsit-nniḍen, ayen iwumi qqaren tasekla n tsuqilt taseklant ! S yimsuqel, idles i d-yewwin (la culture d’arrivée) yettimɣur, yettnerni, yettuɣal d amerkanti. Tisuqilin keččment di tgemmi taseklant n waɣlan.
Melmi ara d-yeffeɣ leqdic n Moussa d-adlis akken ad as-wɛun yimeɣriyen ?
Ddeqs n wungalen akked yiwen l’essai i d-ssuqleɣ i yi-yessufɣent teẓrigin Lalla Moulati di Lezzayer s lebṛay (tira tiḥercawin). I tikkelt tamezwarut deg umezruy ara yeffeɣ wedlis s teqbaylit s tira-agi. Ɛewwleɣ ad ten-id-ssufɣeɣ s tira tiberkanin. Sserseɣ daɣen yiwen wungal ɣer yiwen wexxam n usiẓreg, la nettraǧu ad t-id-yessufeɣ.
Asirem n Moussa s yisem-is d amdan, s yisem-is d amedyaz ?
Ad ak-iniɣ tidet, ur ḥemmleɣ ara ad hedṛeɣ ɣef usirem imi asirem d ddunnit n usugen. D asuget n wayen ulac di tilawt. Meɛna akken ad k-in-wajbeɣ, ad ak-iniɣ : d amdan, ssarameɣ ad temmudden tmedyazt ; d amedyaz, ssarameɣ ad yemmedyez Wemdan !
Awal aneggaru ?
Ad ak-iniɣ tanemmirt ɣef tdiwennit-agi. Bɣiɣ kan ad fakeɣ s wawal n Vissarion Grigorievitch Belinski, yiwen uneqqad aseklan arussi i yennan : «Di tmedyazt, tudert d tudert ugar n tudert s yimad-is» !
Ait Slimane Hamid