‘’Yal tikkelt i deg argaz isrennew iseɣ n rruḥ, yal tikkelt deg argaz inna-d ala i tawsest* (tentative) n tkelwa n win i t-icuban, lliɣ d awaziw n tigawt-is.’’ Ha-t-en wawalen n Frantz Fanon i d-yura deg udlis-is «Aglim aberkan, buɛfif amellal».
Tudert wezzilet, Frantz Fanon d amyaru d amejjay, d afelsuf i ilulen di Fort de France d Martinik deg wass n 20 yulyu n useggas 1925. Ur yettwassen ara si tlata n tmura i t-irebban. Martinik iǧǧa-tt zik, ikcem Lezzayer i wakken ad yennaɣ mgal imsehres afrensis ɣer tama n FLN. Netta d agrud wis xemsa si twacult ixelḍen (Tafriqt-Takribit) n tmanya iɛeggalen. Ilmed di tesnawit Victor-Schœlcher n Fort de France anida i yesselmad Aimé Cesaire di tallit-nni. Ikcem ɣer lɛesker, meɛna ittwajreḥ. Ikcem-d s yin ɣer tmurt i deg ilul anida i isɛedda BAC, syin ikemmel leqraya-s di Fransa di Temdint n Lyon anida i d-yewwi agerdas n tujjya, ilmed daɣen Tafelsuft d teklisent* (psychologie). Tettunefk-as, syin, tagnit ad yuɣal d aqerru n yimejjayen n sbiṭar n yimehbal n tmedint n Blida, di Lzzayer. Tikli n urgaz tessebgan-d lebɣi-s. Awal n Fanon d awal lqayen, d awal n ugrawliw i talsa akken tella. Awal-is, d ixemmimen-is yerra-ten d iseɣ n tudert-is, d imi ur t-iǧǧi ara d awal kan, ayen akk iga, ayen akk ixemmem yura-t s lmidad di lkaɣeḍ. Isaẓreg-d yakan deg useggas n 1952 «Peaux noires, masques blancs». «Ayaddra ad d-serseɣ ugur-a n tidet taberkant, di lqaɛa-a, i yettaɛraḍen yakan ad tt-teffer?» i yura. Amennuɣ-s isɛa isem, d isem mgal tamuḥqranit, mgal lbaṭel d ddel i d-isrusu umdan ɣef umdan, i d-isrusu yiri ɣef wayeḍ, i d-isrusu uɣref ɣef uɣref wayeḍ. Ɣef waya, deg useggas , 1956, sin yiseggasen mbeɛd mi tendeḥ tmes n ṭṭrad di tmurt, Fanon, ixtar lemḥella-s, wid yettwaqehren s ddaw tamhersa tafrensist, ixtar amḍiq n wid yettwaḥeqren, wid idlen s tduli taqesḥant n lḥif d lbaṭel. Dinna ittaxer si sbiṭar deg i ixeddem I wakken ad ikcem ɣer Tirni n Tlelli Taɣelnawt (FLN) anida isɛa Tmasiyin* (responsabilité) meqqren. Ixdem deg uɣmis n « El Moudjahid ». Yella d imceggeɛ ɣer waṭas n tmura n tefriqt taberkant, yella d Lewkil n Unavaḍ Uɛḍil Azzayri ( GPRA) di tmurt n Ɣana. Islek seg waṭas n tixazabiyin di tmurt n Lmerruk, di Ṭelyan. Armi d lmut, Frantz Fanon , ifka tudert-is i tmunent n yiɣerfan ittwahersen. Yura aṭas n yidlisen, seg-sen :
– Peau Noire, Masques Blancs , Editions du seuil 1952 .
– Les annales médico-psychologiques (1953)
Congrès des médecins aliénistes et neurologistes de France et pays de langues française (1953) avec le Dr François Tosquelles
– L’an v de la révolution algérienne, réédité en 1966 sous le titre » Sociologie d’une révolution «
– Pour la révolution africaine, (1964
Les damnés de la terre (1961)
Frantz Fanon, iruḥ ad yennaɣ ɣef uktu, d acu yufa-d ugur n Usmaḥyaf n yiran (races) d tɣelnaẓrit. Tigawt n Fanon tella-d di tallit mbeɛd ṭṭrad amaḍlan i yettwaḍebɛen s yimenɣi asnektan gar utaram (Tamrikt) d usamer (Rruss). Beṭṭu d ayen i d-yellan gar ccerq d lɣerb, meɛna ha-t-an ikker-d umaḍal wayeḍ yettusemman timura n umaḍal wis tlata, i yettnaḍaḥen ula d netta ɣef umkan deg wasaɣen igreɣlanen deg yiseggasen n 1950-1960. Aneggaru-a, ibɣa ula d netta ad ittekki deg ufraq n Tarkuṭ * (richesse) n ddunit. Di tallit-nni, Amaḍal wis tlata, i tikkelt tamezwarut, inna-d ɣef tilin-is tasertant deg useggas n 1955 deg usarag i d-yellan di BANDOUNG, mi yugi ad tfreq ddunit ɣef sin iḥricen kan. Aṭas n yiqerra i d-ibanen akka deg umussuyen isertanen n Teslellit taɣelnawt dɣa wwin imenɣi seg uẓar ama di Tferka, di Asya neɣ di Temrikt n wadda. Aya iseḍfrit timenɣiwt n waṭas isertiyen i d-ibanen deg yiseggasen n 60. Aqehher di Indunisya deg useggas n 1965 ( azal n 500 igiman) i yettwanɣan. Timenɣiwt n Lumumba di Congo, Timenɣiwt n Che Guevara di Bolivia, Malcom X, Martin Luther King di Temrikt ufella, Mehdi Ben Barka di Lmerruk, Ccraɛ n RIVONIA d Tefriqt n wadda anida Nelson Mandela d iṛfiqen-is ttwaḍegren ɣer lḥebs i dayem. Di Martinik, tamurt n Fanon, tella-d tinnufqa azal n tlata wuḍan i d-iglan s tlata n lmeytin di Fort de france deg useggas n 59. Syin, d aḥabas d usnejli n yilmeẓyen n Martinik i yessawḍen ad d-ɛelqen kra n yinazalen* (affiches) anida nezmer ad d-nɣer: “Maritinik i Yimartinikiyen”. D awal ara aɣ-yawin deg yizri ibeɛden akken ad d-nemmekti awal-a i d-yenna Massnsen: Taferka i Yiferkiwen. Frantz Fanon, izga iswad i imussnawen ur neggar ara afus di tagrawla. “Amennuɣ agrawliw, tislellit taɣelnawt, tririt n tmurt i yimawlan-is, akken bɣun llan yismawen ifkan i umennuɣ-a, tukksa n ddel ɣef yiɣerfan izga-d d aqesḥan. Meɛna aya ur d-yettili ara d agmuḍ n tamhelt* (opération) ifazen, n uhuzzu amgaman neɣ n uqbal mebla cceḥna. ur nreggi ara timetti, akken tebɣa tella d tamezwarut, s wahil am wa, ma yella ur neqsid ara si tazwara, yaɛni abeggen n wahil-a, I wakken ad irreẓ akk iɛewwwiqen ara d-nemlil deg ubrid. Tukkist seg “ Imenɛulen n ddunit”. Ihi, tiɣri n Fanon mačči d tin kan issawalen i tlelli n Uberkan , meɛna i tlelelli n umdan. Mi ara tiliḍ d anmasi* (Responsable) di tmurt ur nerfid ara iman-is, d tamussni ara d-ternuḍ amek ara tessedduḍ taswiɛt akken ad lemden ihedman, ɣef usali n tedmi, ayen iwumi nessawal s tɣawla, tasertitant. Deg waya amaḍal wis tlata ilaq ad iɛawed amezruy n umdan. Ihi, Taslellit d ayen i d-snulfan imdanen ijdiden. Frantz Fanon, immut seg yir aḍḍan di laɛmer-is 36 d aseggas. Meɛna taxelqit-a ur tseɛu ara nṣib seg tezmert tawergamit, “taɣawsa yettwastɛemren ur tettuɣal ara d amdan siwa deg ukal seg waydeg ara d-ssenser iman-is. Ur d-cennuɣ ara izri i wakken ad sruḥeɣ tilawt d yimal. Ur bɣiɣ ara ad iliɣ d akli n tikelwa. Bɣiɣ yiwet n lḥaǧa kan, bɣiɣ ad tekfu tikelwa n umdan sɣur umdan’’.
Imlal tikkelt d Jean paul Sartre di Ṭelyan. Aneggaru-a, iḥbes akk lecɣal-is i wakken ad yeqqim azal n tlata wussan d Fanon i d-innan d akken izmer ad ixelles azal n 25 ooo Frank i wakken ad iqqim d Sartre azal n 15 n wussan si tnezzayt* (taṣebḥit) alamma d tameddit, i d-tura Simone de Beauvoire. Jean Paul Sartre ula d netta istaɛǧeb ahat i tikkelt tamezwarut s wudem illan sdat-s, Frantz Fanon. ‘’Nesla i Frantz Fanon azal n tlata wussan.d ussan i aɣ-isɛetben, ama di tfekka ama deg yiman. Werǧin walaɣ Sartre istaɛǧeb yerna ishewwel-it umdan’’. “Le Lièvre de Patgonie” I YIfransiyen, Fanon yuqel d «Afelsuf amenɛul», akken i t-id-tura Alice Cherki. Dɣa yettwaɛzel, yettwaḥqer imi izga ittqejjim di Temharsa tafrensist. Deg useggas 1961, s lehlak afuḥan i yuḍen, Fanon iruḥ ad idawi di Moscou, s yin iruḥ ɣer Bethsada di Marikan anida yessufeɣ tarwiḥt. Frantz Fanon, yemmut mi isɛa 36 n yiseggasen s yisem Ibrahim Omara Fanon. Deg useggas n 1961 i yedda laɛmer-is s yir aḍḍan i t-inɣan di Temrikt.
Mourad Mazri