Zrin 28 n yiseggasen segmi i iɣab Slimane Azem seg lqum-a. Mmi-s n Ugni Ggeɣran yenfan yakan si tmurt-is yemḍel di Moissac di tmurt n Fransa ass n 28 di yennayer 1983.
D amedyaz i ileqmen ayen yeẓẓa Si Muḥend, Dda Sliman, akken akk i as-ssawalen widen i t-yesnen, yezga-d di lmendad i yiɣriben n tallit-nni. Tizlatin-is, d tid i d-yessebganen tudert n Uzzayri di tmura n lberrani.
Deg useggas n 1940, yessekles tizlit tamenzut anda icennu :
A Muḥ a Muḥ,
Kker ma ad tedduḍ ad nruḥ.
Deg yimir-nni ifaq yakan s terzeg n lɣerba. Yeḥsa belli amdan akken yebɣu yettidir anda nniḍen, yezga yettwahsab d aberrani. Ala deg tmurt-is ara yaf iman-is.
Degmi yenna deg yiwet seg tezlatin-is :
D aɣrib d aberrani
Di tmura n medden
Lweḥc u lemḥani
D Rebbi i iraden.
S ufyir-a aneggaru, anda yettɛani ɣer win i t-id ixelqen, i yesḥassef ɣef liḥala ideg tezder tmurt-is, imi tegguma ad terfed arraw-is. Nfan akk ɣer tmura n lberrani, d anadi ɣef temɛict, imi anekcam arumi yesberber ɣef Lezzayer, yerra ddaw n yifer-is ayen akk i tesɛa n lxir, labeɛda tiferkiwin. Ifures tagnit imi d tallit n tfellaḥt, yekkes akk i yimdanen iḥerqan nsen, yerra-ten d ayla-s. D ayen i yeǧǧan Dda Sliman, yerfa, mi akken yecna :
Ffeɣ ay ajrad tamurt-iw
Lxir-nni n zik yekfa
Ma d lqaḍi i ak-yessenzen
Awi-d leɛqed ma iṣeḥḥa.
Slimane Azem, imi yessawaḍ-d s tezlit ayen ttidiren watmaten-is di lɣerba, yezga yetḥeyyer. Tuɣalin ɣer tmurt, ur tessunefk ara, imi laẓ yewweḍ-d ɣer yimnaren, inig ẓẓay. Dɣa yenna :
Ata-n wul-iw yetḥeyyer
Ma ad yeqqim neɣ ad iruḥ
Ma iruḥ yebɣa ad yeqqim
Ma yeqqim yebɣa ad iruḥ
Ur iruḥ, ur yeqqim
Mi akken ara d-yemmekti tamurt-nni ɛzizen fell-as, yerna ur yezmir ad d-yerzu ɣur-s, Dda Sliman yessugen-d yiwet n tugna anda yuzen afrux ad isellem akk ɣef yiqbayliyen. Afrux iferelles d amceyyeɛ iwumi yessuter ad yerzu, yenna-as :
Ay afrux iferelles
Ad k-ceyɛeɣ awi-d ttbut
Ɛelli di tignaw ɣewwes
Awi-iyi-d lexbar n tmurt.
D ayen dɣa i d-yessebganen amdanen i mazal turez tfekka-s ɣer wakal anda i d-yekker. Di tezlit-a, ur yettu tamnaḍt amzun akken da i yettidir.
Dda Sliman, yerra ddehn-is ɣer waṭas n temsal i yettqabal yiminig. Iɣeblan ggten fell-as, wid n lxedma, yir tamuɣli yezgan fell-as, akked yiɣeblan n tmetti n tmurt-is tanaṣlit. imdanen ttwalin aɣrib d adrim, timetti taqbaylit ur tessaweḍ ara ad tennefsusi si kra akken n leɛwayed i tt-iɛegben. Tagi, ad tt-naf anda akken yesker, ameddakel-is Hamid, yeɛreḍ ad t-id yerr ɣer leɛqel-is. Netta, yesbab akk tilufa i baba-s d uḍeggal-is i yettnaɣen ɣef uqerruy-is :
A madame encore un verre
Si lɣecc le père et le beau père
Mǧazan, hudden-iyi axxam
Ɣeḍlen-iyi deg yixmir
Ssamsen-iyi iɣbir,
Tout ça, à cause de ma femme.
Tameṭṭut, teṭṭef amur-is deg tezlatin n Slimane Azem. Yella wanda i as-yefka udem n tin yemmuɣebnen, am temsalt i d-yecna deg tezlit-a. Anda akken, yeǧǧa-tt deg uxxam-is, netta yuneg ɣer Fransa, baba-s yessexdam-itt am wakken d…aɣyul (ḥacakum). Yenna :
Ceyɛeɣ i baba lmanda iwakken ad d-yaɣ aɣyul
Ziɣ d tameṭṭut-iw i yerra d aɣyul !
Deg wudem nniḍen, yefka-as « tawuri » n tin yernan argaz-is, tettḍebbir deg-s. Din i as-yefka isem n « lalla mergaza ».
Swaya i nezmer ad nebder asqerdec n temsal icudden ɣer tmetti i yesɣerbel umedyaz deg yisefra-s. Ɣer tama n Ccix Nurdin, ad fell-as yeɛfu yerḥem, Dda Sliman yesnerna i unnar n tmedyazt-is. Din ara naf aseqdec n teqbaylit s wudem nniḍen. « Teǧǧa-iyi axxam d asemmaḍ » ! D tanfalit ahat ur nessexdam ara deg yal ass n tudert nneɣ, maca anamek-is lqay, mačči d kra. Wagi, mi akken terfa tmeṭṭut-is, twureb s imawlan-is, mebla ma yeẓra. Mi d-yuɣal yaf-d axxam yexla, dɣa yesseqdec awal-a n tesmeḍ. Seg tedṣa ɣer leḥzen n tidet n tallit, Dda Sliman yessuzun kra n win i as-isellen. Yessedha s temsalt-nni n « tmesrifegt yuḍnen timmist ddaw n yifer-is », « iḥawel ddewwara… », atg.
Maca, deg waṭas n tegnatin, amedyaz yesseqdac altaf tubya. Ad yessedhu iwakken ad yessaki imdanen. D tarrayt icuban ɣer tin iɣef tekkan yimusnawen n usedwel iwakken ad lemden yigerdan timsirin nsen.
Nnig n tlufa akk i d-nebder, amedyaz yumen d akken tutlayt-is ad d-teḍher fell-as tafat. Yak yecna : « Ɣef teqbaylit yuli wass. » S tidet, ur yelli d win ara d-yinin kan, ulac aya, ulac aya…Maca, asirem-is d win ireṣṣan. Ur d-yenni ara belli melmi ara yali wass ɣef teqbaylit, neɣ acimi yugi ad yali wass fell-as. Dagi, ad ncud awal-is êr wiyaḍ i d-yernan.
Amek ihi, deg uḍebsi-is aneggaru, yecna ɣef lehwel yettnekkaren deg tmura, almi i d-yebder ula d Mekka. Ur ḍulen ara iseggasen, iwakken ad neḥḍer i wayen yeḍran dɣa deg uxxam-agi n Rebbi asmi msekfan gar-asen yemẓuren.
Aṭas i d-yennan d akken yella kra n win i as-d-yeskanayen licara n wayen ara yeḍrun. Wi iẓran ?
Sylia. M3-Aγmis n Yimaziγen d tirmit tamayut di tγamsa yuran s tmaziγt:
Tikti n usufeγ n yisebtar yuran s tmaziγt deg uγmis La Dépêche de Kabylie tella yakan di lbal n yimḍebren n uγmis-a deg yiseggasen iεeddan.Ula d isem n yisebtar yuran s tmaziγt, wwin cciεar(logo) n tkebbanit-a n yisallen”Le journal des Hommes Libres”i yebγan ad yini”Aγmis n Yimaziγen”. Uṭṭun amezwaru yeffeγ-d deg ass n 12 janvier(amenzu n yennayer)2009, seg yimiren yetteffeγ-d yal ddurt.Taεkemt n usenfar-a i tt-yeddmen d ineγmasen n La Dépêche de Kabylie seg wid yettarun/iḥemlen ad arun s tmaziγt, timital n uneγmas Taher Ould Amar yellan daγen d yiwen wudem yettwasnen deg tsekla tamaziγt tatrart. Syin γer zdat,Aγmis n Yimaziγen,yeldi tawwurt i yimceyεen deg tlata n lwilayat n tmurt n Leqbayel (Bgayet, Tizi wezzu d Tubiret). Imceyεen-a, zgan kkaten s wayen umi izemren akken ad awin isallen i werğin ddan-d di teẓrigt n yal ass n La Dépêche de Kabylie neγ deg yiγmisen-nniḍen i d-yettefγen yal ass.
Rnu akk γer waya, tagnit ideg d-lulen yisebtar-a tsuεed nezzeh,imi ulac iγmisen-nniḍen n tmaziγt yerna llan d luluf n wid yeqqaren s tmaziγt ama d inelmaden n tesdawiyin neγ wid n yiγerbazen rnu γur-sen iselmaden n tmaziγt. Seg ymeγriyen llan ula d wid i werğin lemden tamaziγt aya yesbeggan-d tixuṭṭert n yisallen i d-itteddun deg yisebtar-a imi rzan srid imezdaγ n temnaḍt n Leqbayel, rnu γur-s aγanib(style) n tira yebnan γef tefses d ufrah yessishilen teεkemt γef yimeγri.
3-1-Tarrayt i nessexdam di tira:
Akken ad naweḍ γer yiswin-nne&gamma,; yellan d aseεlem n yimdanen s wayen yeḍran deg temnaḍt ideg ttidiren, nwala ilaq-aγ ad nejbed lwelha mačči kan n wid yeγran/yeqqaren tamaziγt deg uγerbaz neγ di tesdawit, maca ula d wid i werğin γran-tt, ttmeslayen-tt kan. Rnu γer waya,nḍeyyer tiṭ γer termitin yezrin deg tγamsa yuran s tmaziγt, nwala anda akk i yella lixsas, nekni neεreḍ ad t-nseggem deg usenfar-nneγ ideg tamuγli-nneγ terra mebεid :Ayγer ala ad nressi lsas i uγmis n yal ass s tmaziγt !
Aten-id ihi yiberdan i nettabaε di tira n yimagraden:
= Asemres n yimeslayen d tenfaliyin yellan yakan di tutlayt taqbaylit n yal ass, s wakka nessishil-as i yimeγri akken ad yefhem ayen i d-nura. Ma d awalen ijdiden(néologismes)yellan deg yisegzawalen(dictionnaires)n tmaziγt nettadam-iten-id mi ara γ-terr mliḥ tmara, mi ara ten-naru, nettara ger tacciwin anamek n yal awal s tutlayt tafransist.
= Taswiεin nessufuγ-d isuddimen (dérivées)seg wawalen yellan yakan di tmenna. D amedya, nessufeγ-d seg lgaz asget-is :lgazat s uεaned n lluzin/lluzinat, lbiru/lbirwat.
= Mi ara yili wanda ur nufi ara awal iwulmen deg teqbaylit, nettawi-t-id seg tantaliwin-nniḍen, d amedya : newwi-d seg tmacaγt « timidwa » i yebγan ad yini amitié s tefransist. Ma d awalen ijdiden n Umawal i yelḥan yakan deg ttawilat n yisallen, yecban rradyu d tilibizyu nessemras-iten mebla ma neḥseb-iten d ijdiden, nettwali ulac kra n umezdaγ n temnaḍt n Leqbayel ur nessin ara d acu i d :Aselway, aγerbaz, adabu, tadamsa…atg !
= Nettḥadar s wayen nezmer γef tuddsa n tutlayt d tseddast-is s usemres n tefyar timeqranin, s wakka nessenqas seg lebγi n uεaned n tutlayin-nniḍen, neγ asemres n wayen umi sawalen imusnawen n tutlayt : arwasen(calques).
= Imi imeγri mačči kan d isallen i t-yecqan, taswiεin yeqqar aγmis akken ad yesgunfu. Ilmend n waya, nsedduy-d imagraden akked tekrunikin(chroniques)yuran s uγanib n nnecraḥa(style humoristique) am tekrunikt i yettaru mass Tahar Ould Amar “Ulac mmaḥ ulac.”
= Nesmenyaf asiẓreg n yimagraden i d-yettmeslayen γef:yidles, tasertit, addal d tlufa akk iceγben timeti γef wid yerzan tamaziγt(nettwali tutlayt n tmaziγt tesεa tazmert akken ad temmeslay γef kra yellan mačči γef yiman-is kan!)
= Nessezwar isallen n tudrin d tγiwanin n temnaḍt n Leqbayel γef wid n uγlan d umaḍal. Aya imi iswi-nneγ d asiweḍ n yisallen i yuḥwağ yimeγri, ma d wid n uγlan d umaḍal nettawi-id ayen yesεan seg-sen tixuṭṭert deg tudert n yimezdaγ.
3-2-Uguren i nettemlil:
Γas ma tarrayt i d-nebder uwsawen nessaweḍ syes ad nger asurif meqqren γer zdat, imi yal tikkelt yettnernay umḍan n yimeγriyen, aṭas n yiεewwiqen daγen i nettemlil. Iεewwiqen-a d wid i teffeγ tifrat-nsen i ufus-nneγ:
– Wid yerzan tutlayt d tussna n tutlayt:
– Aṭas n wawalen i yellan di tmeslayt n yal ass sεan imesla yecban:O,V, P.Imesla-ya nεewweq mi ara nεeddi ad ten-naru imi agemmay umris n tmaziγt ur yesεi ara isekkilen i ten-iwatan. Akken-nniḍen:imusnawen ur mtafaqen ara amek ara arun imesla i ulac deg unagraw amsislan n tmaziγt(système phonétique amazigh).
D amedya:Avidyu/abidyu, amunolog/ amunulug, aporṭay/ apurṭay.
– Amawal n tmaziγt gten deg-s yisumar(propositions) anda yal yiwen amek i d-yesnulfuy awalen.D amedya:département s tefransist,kra sawalen-as agezdu wiyaḍ-nniḍen sawalen-as tasga.Nekni nεewweq anwa awal ara nessexdem.
– Wid yerzan ttawilat:
– Di tugti-nneγ seg wid yettarun deg yisebtar-a ur d-neffiγ ara seg kra n uγerbaz n tγamsa, s termit kan i nlemmed lxedma-ya. Γef ayagi i nuḥwağ ugar n usileγ(formation) akken ad tennerni tmusni-nneγ ladγa deg ayen yeεnan iberdan n tira di tγamsa(techniques journalistiques).
-Ur nesεi ara kra n umkan ideg ara nettemlil way gar-aneγ akken ad nemcawar neγ ad nebḍu lxedma.Ar yimir-a yal wa ixeddem iman-is,ur nesεi la tazeqqa n tira(salle de redaction) ideg ara ilin d amedya wallalen n tira neγ xersum amseγti(correcteur).
*Tagrayt:
Γas ma Aγmis n Yimaziγen yegga asurif meqqren γer zdat,imi yesfaydi deg termitin n yiγmisen n tmaziγt i t-yezwaren. Acu kan uguren yellan deg unnar telzem-asen tifrat akken ur ttilin ara d iεewwiq i tlalit n yiγmisen-nniḍen s tmaziγt, ayγer ala yal aγmis n yal ass ad yexdem am La Dépêche de Kabylie.
Ma d tifrat ara d-nsumer i wuguren i d-nebder,d ti:
– Ilaq at tussna ad jerrden deg yimahilen-nsen uguren icudden γer tutlayt ilmend n usnerni n walugen n tira d ufran n wawalen ijdiden ara yesdaklen akk ttawilat n yisallen n tmaziγt.
– Yelzem γef ddula ad as-teqqim i temsalt n uγmis s tmaziγt akken i teqqim i temsalt n rradyu d tilibizyu;acku imeγriyen n tγamsa tamaziγt γur-sen azref akken ad sεun aγmis-nsen n yal ass.Akken ad yili uneggaru-ya,ala ddula i izemren ad tefk allalen ilaqen.Akka i ilaq ad yili lḥal di tazwara,mbeεd mi ara iressi wansay-a di tmetti zemmren ad lalen yiγmisen-nniḍen ara yesεun tilelli γef ddula.
-Iγbula:
-Abrous Dehbia,Quelques remarques à propos du kabyle utilise dans la presse écrite,Etudes et documents berbères,n°8,Paris 1991,pp175-186
-Abrous Dehbia,Qelques remarques à propos du passage à l’écrit,Actes du colloque international de Gherdaia,éditions FNACA,Tizi Ouzou 1991,pp01-14
-Boudjema Aziri,Néologismes et calques dans les médias amazighs,éditions HCA,Alger2009
-Kaci SAADI,Tasuqilt n yiḍrisen n yisalan d wukrisen-is isnelsiyen,Timmuzγa,uṭṭun :20,yulyu 2009,sbt38-43
-K.Bouamara&aliés,Ilugan n tira n tmaziγt,éditions Talantikit,Bgayet 2005
-Lhocine Ourezki,Aγmis n Yimaziγen γer « Imaziγen ass-a »,Dépêche de Kabylie du 01/02/2010.
-Piérre Albert,Histoire de la presse,éditions PUF,Paris 1970
-Ramdane Achour,Problèmes de construction syntaxique de la phrase en kabyle dans les usages modernes en siuations formelles,Timmuzγa,uṭṭun :21,yennayer 2010,pp11-21
Mokrane Chikhi
Aselmad n tusnalest(anthropologie)di tesdawit n Bgayet