Dr Allaoua Rabehi, d aselmad n tmaziɣt deg tesdawit n Bgayet. Nesteqsa-t ɣef yennayer, yenna-d : ‘’ Yennayer, d tafaska sfuggulen yigduden n Tmazγa, ilin ssawalen s tmaziγt neγ ssawalen s taεrabt. Yes-s ttmagaren aseggas amaynu, i yebγu yili lfal s t-ttmagaren : timezliwt n uyaziḍ, timezliwt n uḥuli, tiγrifin, seksu d ubiṣar, uftiyen (neγ irecmen), sebɛa n yisufar, urar n wayrad, asenfel n kra n tγawsiwin, atg. Yennayer d taẓunt (amur) n yiwen n uwatay n zik : awatay ayulyan, i yellan d awatay n tkerza, ad t-id-nesmekti, d awatay n yiṭij daγen. Maca acuγer i yeggra s mraw d sin n wussan ? Acuγer t-sfuggulen 12 n wussan deffir umenzu n useggas amasiḥi ? Awatay aruman, deg llan 12 n wayyuren (lechur n wayyur), iseggem-it Jules César deg useggas 46 dat SƐ (deg useggas n 708 n Rum) : daymi isem-ines awatay ayulyan (seg Yulyus = Julius). Teγzi-ines 365¼ n wussan, deg-s krad n yiseggasen n 365 n wussan d yiwen n useggas n 366 n wussan (année bissextile). Yettwaseggem i tikelt tis snat mi qrib d taggara n lqern wis XVI. Ababat Grégoire, yettwassnen d win iseggmen aṭas n tlufa, yufa deg 1582 dakken awatay yeggra s 10 n wussan γef wakud n tidet. Yemmuqel deg taluft, icawer, yufa-d tifrat-is d « tukksa » n 10 n wussan, yegzem-itt deg rray : azekka-nni n 4 tuber 1582 yuγal d 15 tuber (1582). Awatay-a amaynu, semman-as awatay agriguryan. (grégorien). Ma nurda yiwen n wass n ugellel i snat n temaḍ n yiseggasen, ad t-naf tura yeggra s 12 (10 + 2) n wussan. Tafaska-ya, iwimi qqaren daγen tawwurt useggas neγ tiwwura useggas, ixf useggas,i yesfuggulen aseggas amaynu, ila igiman n yiseggasen. Yezwar yal yiwen seg sin-nni n yiwatayen ibedden γef tesreḍt : Ixf n useggas amasiḥi, yesfuggulen talalit n Ɛisa, deg uwatay n yiṭij akked Umenzu n Muḥerrem, i yesfuggulen, deg watay n wayyur, inig n Muḥemmed seg Mekka γer Madina, deg useggas n 622 n uwatay amasiḥi’’.
Ma ɣef wazal n tfaska-agi n yennayer, iwala :
‘’Ayen yebɣun yili deg-s d lfal, yettenfalen ilmend n temnaḍt, ilmend n taggayt n yimdanen (iseflan, idunen n wučči, ccna, ccḍeḥ, atg.), tafaska-ya, i yellan seg wasmi yebḍa useggas d tallitin ilmend n tizza n ugama, d tafaska n ugama. Imezdaγ n temnaḍin-a, i rzan yiγeblan n tmeddurt da, γer tmurt, am wakken t-id-sskanent temsirin yecban Anda wwḍen waman n Yennayer, ad yaweḍ yiṭij n γuct, ttwalin tafaska-ya d tawala tameqqrant i yezdin akk agdud. Deg waya, yettuneḥsab Yennayer d agaluz n tatut n wakud, d tagara i d-yennesren, i d-yeqqimen seg tesreḍt tanzikt (paganisme) yettarran azal i ugama’’.
Ɣef yismawen n wagguren n uwatay amaziɣ, yenna-d :
Ismawen n wayyuren, newwi-ten-id seg tlatint, anagar ahat meγres. D ayen ibanen, acku neẓra turda n yennayer ― yan ayur (= yiwen wayyur) (anamek-is zun « ayyur amezwaru ») i skaren kra n yimassanen ibujaden n tutlayt, d asemluffeq kan. Acku awal yennayer, i d-yettbanen s tidet amzun d awal amaziγ, lemmer d-yekki seg tmaziγt, acuγer ur nekkat ad d-nessefhem akka, s tarrayt-a, ismawen n wayyuren-nniḍen am furar, ibrir, mayu, yunyu, yulyu, γuct, ctember, tuber, nunember, dujember ? Yak meskin win ur yettakzen deg-sen ismawen ilatinen i ten-yettmendaden : februarius, aprilis, maius, junius, julius, augustus akked yimendaden septembre, octobre, novembre, décembre (akken mseḍfaren : « ayyur wis ssa, ayyur wis tam, ayyur wis tẓa, ayyur wis mraw » n useggas aruman, ibeddun deg meγres) ; am wakken anect i yekyes, i yezref win ara yakzen junuarius deg yennayer. Amur ameqqran deg yismawen-a d inagan γef temhezt n tmitulujit (tasnamayt ?) tagrigrumant : mai d Maius mensis « ayyur n trebbit Maia », d ayyur yettunefken i Junon, ma d julius d isem aruman n Jules César, ilulen deg wayyur-a. Asaka n mars, am yisem égide, yessulles wansi d-yekka, imi d-yekka seg Mars, arebbit aruman n yigen (n umennuγ), i d-ssukken seg Ares, arebbit agrig n yigen. D tidet, imi ilmend n umennuγ, ulamek ara d-nessefhem azwir [m] n mars (< ares), anagar ma yesseqdec awal meγres,talγa taqburt war amagrad n yisem n umeskar, seg umyag γres « zlu » (d aẓar yettnamaken tikti n tγersi, n tmezliwt, n yimerẓi, n tekriḍt, n umennuγ…). Anect-a, d ayen yessewhamen : aγref i yessnen asiḍen (leḥsab) (ar 19 γur Icelḥiyen, armi d wartaggara neγ, mulli akkya, ar 1000 γur Yimẓabiyen d Yimucaγ), i ilan ismawen n yimḍanen, ur igi ismawen s tutlayt-ines, la i wayyuren n useggas, la wussan n yimalas. Deg tama, yewwi-d ismawen n wayyuren seg tlatint, deg tama-nniḍen yeddem-d seg taεrabt ismawen n wussan. Irumanen meslen-d ismawen n wayyuren, yessebded-iten γef tsenmayt (mythologie) tagrigrumant (ẓr. dimanche seg dies dominicus « ass n Yalla », lundi seg Lunae dies « ass n wayyur », mardi seg Martis dies « ass n Mars », mercredi seg Mercurii dies « ass n Mercure », jeudi seg Jovis dies « ass n Jupiter », vendredi seg Veneris dies « ass n vénus »). Akken ad semmin i yismawen, Aεraben, akken t-gan Yigdudanen deg 1793, sqedcen isuddimen n yimḍanen : al-‘aḥad, al-‘itnayn, al-tulata‘, al-‘arbiεa‘, al-xamis (akken mseḍfaren : amezwaru, wis sin, wis krad, wis ukkuẓ, wis semmus). Ma d al-jumuεa « ljemεa », yettnamak « ass n usgrew », al-sabt « ssebt », yeqqim akken yella γur Wudayen (akken t-wwin Ilatinen : sabbati dies « ass n Sabat », d ass n usgunfu γur Wudayen)’’.
Ɣer taggara n wawal, yesseggra-d…
Maca, uguren-a ur ssenγasen wara seg uzamul n Yennayer. Akken yebγu yili, akin i tjada γef wazal n usezmez deg umezruy, nniγ-d yakan tafaska-ya d tagamant d tamesdukelt ; yessefk ad d-iniγ : d tamesdukelt acku d tagamant. D tidet, am uzamul-nni ilan talγa n umdan i d-sskanen watmaten-nneγ Imucaγ akked d uγref n Dugun (Mali), ur nezzuγur anamek-nniḍen ara as-d-yezgen i kra n uγref kan, yesfuggul Yennayer taggara n yiwet n twinest akked tazwara n twinest-nniḍen, mačči am snat-nniḍen i yellan d tifaskiwin yesfuggulen imulliyen (n yimdanen yettwassnen deg umezruy d tesreḍt). Nezmer ad d-nini tezwar-itent-id deg wakud, tella d tafaska n zik n zik yesfuggulen anekcum n useggas γur yiγerfan n temnaḍin i d-yezzin i yilel Agrakal ; deg wadeg tekcem deg yimi n tatut anda-nniḍen, mazal ar ass-a sfuggulen-tt yimezdaγ n Tmazγa, yerna ur telli d ayla kan n wid yessawalen s tmaziγt. Ass-a, yuɣal Yennayer, d Tafaska taɣelnawt, d ass n usgunfu. Taggara, akin i uẓayer aγelnaw, Yennayer d tafaska n ugama, seg d-yettekkes umdan tigelliwin n tmeddurt, i yessewjaden iman-is ad d-taki seg yiḍes, d tafaska n tgelda n tkerza, send talalit n tesreḍt tayanyallat tamezwarut. Syin akin, ur aγ-terri tmara ad nesfukel tilin-nneγ, ur aγ-terri tmara ad nemxallaf akked yiγerfan-nniḍen n umaḍal, yessefk ad naf Yennayer d tasγart yifen tiyiḍ acku d tawala yesdukulen, izemren ad tili aẓayer n tfaska tameγradt, aẓayer n tfaska n talsa, i d-igellun s usirem, d temyalelt, d walluy deg tayetti, akken ad tuγal tudert n yimdanen d tanemdant ugar.
Hocine Moula