Deḥman At Ɛli d amussnaw deg tseṭrufizikt, daɣen d aselmad deg tesdawit Pisa n Ṭelyan. Newwi-d awal deg tdiwennit-a ɣef waṭas n tlufa yerzan tussna s umata.
Aɣmis n Yimaziɣen: Ahat ad aɣ-d-teḥkuḍ s tewzel amecwar n Mass Deḥman At Ɛli segmi yella d agrud armi yufa iman-is deg tesdawit n Pise deg Ṭṭelyan?
Dahmane Ait Ali : Di tazwara n wawal ad ak-snemmreɣ ɣef tennubga-a i Uɣmis n Yimaziɣen. Dagi ad ferseɣ tagnit i yi-d-tefkiḍ i wakken ad d-cekkreɣ ayen akk i teggarem d afud kečč d yimdukkal-ik ineɣmasen i iqeddcen i tneflit n tutlayt taqbaylit i wakken ad taɣ amkan-is am nettat am tutlayin-nniḍen deg tɣamsa d ttawilat atraren n taywalt s umata. D tidet, d wagi i d abrid iɣef ara d-yeflali. Win yebɣan ad t-yaɣ, yebges s tmussni, iserreǧ-as “tigemmar d iysan”, yekk-it! Aya di tama. Syin ɣer-s, imi i yi-d-tesseqsaḍ tura ɣef umecwar alemdan asdawan i yi-d-yewwin si Tala Xlil n Wat Dwala, taddart n urebbi n tlalit-iw. alami d tasdawit n Pisa (Fluṛuns, Ṭelyan), ideg yesseɣra yakan umesfizik amasnayur Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) deg yiseggasen-nni imenza n teflalit tawruppit (Renaissance européenne), ad ak-d-iniɣ yezzi, yenneḍ cwiṭ ma yehwa-ak. Acku, send ad d-awḍeɣ ɣer tesdawit n Pisa (deg useggas n 2002), yuɣ lḥal temmar yakan tnafa si temẓi-w. Imi lliɣ imir-n d amnadi amesfizik deg wammas n unadi aɣisan deg Σin Wessara (Tala Tawessart) di tmurt n At Nayel (Ǧelfa) n Lezzayer. Kkiɣ dinna azal n 11 n yiseggasen, ideg nessuli ayendin d tisrusa tirmayin (installations expérimentales), gar-asent ladɣa anamyag aɣisan n unadi « Salam » (15 MW) azzayri d wayen-nniḍen. Ssawḍeɣ tikli-agi deg umecwar n unadi d usnefli (N&F = R&D,) di tesmedna taɣisant (Génie Nucléaire), deg tesdawit n Pisa, seg 2002 ar ass-a. Ma d ayen yerzan tisuraf n tɣuri d ulmud asdawan, bdiɣ-tent-id seg Tedmayt ar Delles (1970-1983), syin si tesdawit n Tizi Uzzu, Asif Aɛisi (1983-1986), ar Bab-Zzwaṛ di Lezzayer Tamanaɣt (1987). Syin zegreɣ-d ɣer Fransa, ssawḍeɣ taɣuri deg tesdawit n Paris (Observatoire de Paris Paris-Meudon) anida i uẓiɣ di tɣuri tasdawant tafellayt (Tasṭrufizikt d Titikniyin n Tallunt (Astrophysique et Techniques Spatiales) armi d 1991, zziɣ-n ɣer Lezzayer.
Anda tewweḍ ass-a n wussan tmuɣli n tussna ɣef Umeɣrad? Tilin-is d tikli-s?
Tussna n Umeɣrad d tamacahut ɣezzifen annect ɣezzif umezruy n talsa. Tebda seg wasmi i d-tefruri talsa di ddunit. Simmal tettaẓ tussna-nneɣ n yigenwan d yitran, simmal ttifrirent ugar tektiwin taẓrayanin swayes tuli, i lmend n yigemmaḍ n wannay (awali) i d-yettnulfun deg unnar-agi n usikked n yigenwan d yitran. Tiẓri takusmulujit tagejdant yeddan tura, d tin yebnan ɣef tekti n Uṭṭerḍeq Ameqqran, i d-isumer i tikkelt tamenzut umasnayur amarikani Edwin Hubble deg useggas 1929. Wid ur tt-neqbil ara, kkaten i wakken ad ttihin yis-s. Yecban amasnayur aglizi Fred Hoyl (gar tacciwin, ula d amesfizik Albert Einstein yella gar-asen di tazwara), gan-as isem n « Big Bang ». Deg yiseggasen n 1950, nwan ad tt-rren d tamseḍsawt (Ridicule), maca yuɣal yedda yisem-agi di sṣwab, dɣa yeqqim-as-d ar ass-a. D acu i d-temmal tiẓri-agi n Big Bang? S usegger kan, teqqar-d d akken Ameɣrad ur yelli d udmis (statique). Meḥsub d amagan (immobile). Maca ilul-d seg wayen iwumi qqaren imesfiziken « Tamsufi » (Singularité). Init da taneqqiḍt anida ur teddi ara tussna n tfizikt, din i teṛsa talast-ines. Syin ar da, di tallunt-akud, Ameɣrad, simmal yettmiri wakud, simmal yettazeg yettuffu. Tallunt, tezga tettnerni, akud yettiɣzif yuɣ-d akk tilawt am wakken i aɣ-d-tettban ass-a. Tin iwumi neqqar « Ameɣrad » i d-yekkan seg uẓar n wawal « ɣrd » (= akk, ummid, atg…). Xas ulamma awal ɣef temsal-agi d amaklal (important) ayendin, maca lemmer ad d-smesdeɣ ugar tiktiwin s i d-tegla turda-agi Big Bang, ha-t-an ad ssugteɣ awal. I wakken ihi ur ttaẓẓayeɣ ɣef yimeɣriyen, ad nbedd kan dagi i tririt-a.
Amek yettkemmil tura unadi segmi d-banent d akken llant d tidet temdeswal tizayzayanin (ondes gravitationnelles) iɣef
d-yemmeslay Albert Einstein ?
Ad d-smektiɣ d akken ass n 14 deg cutembeṛ 2015, widak yettnadin ttbut n temdeswal tizayzayanin s i d-tcar tiẓri tamasseɣt tamatut n Albert Einstein, glan-d yis-sent. D tirmiyin « LIGO » di Marikan Ugafa d BIRGO deg Ṭelyan (s yisem n ESA, European Space Agency) i d-itebten tilin-nsent. Ẓergen-d tifin-agi tamaklalt deg umagrad n tesɣunt « Physical Reγiew Letters » i d-iffɣen ass n 12 di Fuṛar 2016. S tifin-agi, tres tseddaṛt taneggarut i uressi n tiẓri n Tmasseɣt tamatut.
Neẓra-k d amdakkel n mass Madjid Boutemeur seg waṭas-aya. Amek tḥulfaḍ mi d-yettwaɛeyyen ilindi gar yimreccḥen n warraz Nobel
n tsengama?
D tidet! Nekk d Mass Madjid Boutemeurr d imdukkal, yerna yecrek-aɣ unnar n tussna ideg nqeddec: Tafizikt taɣisant d tfizikt n tzelɣa (Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules). Asmi kecmeɣ ɣer tesdawit n Tizi Uzzu (Anammas asdawan n wasif Aɛisi CUOA) deg useggas asdawan 1983/1984; deg useggas-nni dɣa i yessuli Madjid Boutemeur almud-ines asdawan afellay (DES) di tfizikt taẓrayant (Physique théorique). Asmi i d-nedhen s yisem-is gar wid yuklalen tikci n warraz Nobel n tfizikt, d ayen yesferḥen ayendin yal Aqbayli ad d-iniɣ. Xas ulamma ẓriɣ d akken mačči d ayen isehlen s asiweḍ, maca akken yebɣu yili, i tikkelt tamezwarut mmi-s n Tmurt-iw, yettwabder-d yisem-is gar yimesfiziken n umaḍal i yuklalen arraz-agi swayes i d-ttifrirent tmura i ilan imassanen yuẓan aṭas di tussna n tfizikt d unadi ussnan s umata.
D iseggasen segmi d-tessufɣeḍ adlis ɣef tfizikt. Acimi ur as-d-yettwaɛawed ara usufeɣ taggara-a?
Ddeqs n yimdukkal-iw i yellan, zgan qqaren ayen yakk i d-ttaruɣ yal ass deg yiẓeḍwan inmettiyen, ladɣa « Facebook », sḥassfen imi ur yettunefk ara wakud, ur d-stuffuyeɣ ara am ubrid-nni yezrin, yuɣal sbeddeɣ tira-nni. Maca zgiɣ ttaruɣ, ssewjadeɣ idlisen s tutlayt taqbaylit. Amezwaru d aɛiwed n tmuɣli d tmerna i giɣ i « Amawal n tfizikt tatrart », imi d tikli tura ad t-fkeɣ i teẓrigin. Gar-aɣ d yiwen neɣ d sin n wagguren. Ma d adlis amezwaru ara d-yawin awal ɣef yisuraf n tfizikt n yitran d yigenwan, d tasuqqilt n yiwen n udlis i yura umesfizik mucaɛen, Stefen Hawking, iwumi yefka azwel “Tadyant tawezlant n wakud. Seg Big Bang ar yigḍan iberkanen », (A brief history of Time. From Big Bang to Black Holes). D adlis-is amezwaru i yura deg useggas 1988, seg gar wid yenzan ayendin deg yiseggasen-nni yezrin…
Yettkemmil
Yestaqsa-t M.K.