Aḥric wis sin
Deg uḥric-agi aneggaru n tdiwennit-a, newwi-d awal akked uselmad n tesnilest Ramdane Achour ɣef tseddast d tmawalt n uselmed d wayen-nniḍen.
Tura ma nezzi-d ɣer uselmed-ines deg unnar, ma ur twalaḍ ara belli d lawan ad tettwaselmed tmaziɣt d tutlayt tayemmat mačči d taberranit ? Neɣ s wawal-nniḍen, ma nezmer ad neselmed s tmaziɣt neɣ mazal ad neqqim kan deg uselmed-ines ?
Taqbaylit tatrart, ass-a, deg tmurt n Leqbayel lemden-tt yinelmaden d tutlayt n tyemmat. D acu, tutlayt n uɣerbaz, ladɣa deg umawal, temgarad kra ɣef tin n berra, axaṭer tutlayt n kul ass texleḍ aṭas d tutlayin-nniḍen. Nezmer ad neselmed s tmaziɣt tangiwin akk yellan. Yessefk kan uheggi. Teqqim-itt ɣer tarit (lebɣi) tastant akked tarit n tmetti. Tutlayt, d allal n teywalt, yezḍan s umyurez uslig (double articulation) kra n wayen iwumi i d-tezga tbadut-a, yezmer ad yili d allal n uselmed.
Aṭas n yiselmaden i yettcetkayen ɣef ubeddel n tmawalt n uselmed sya ɣer da. Acu ara asen-tinniḍ ?
Iselmaden-agi ɣef la d-tettmeslayeḍ, ma d tidet llan, amzun ur ẓrin ara belli tamaziɣt ur yemdi ara ukala n usemsasa-ines. Akken kan tger isurifen imenza ɣer uslugen d usemsasa. Wid ixeddmen, xeddmen akken zemren s wayen ufan. Ccɣel-agi n win ara ixedmen adlis n uselmed meqqer aṭas. D taɛekkemt ẓẓayen. Af-d acu ara teslemdeḍ, af-d amek ara t-teslemdeḍ, af-d iḍrisen neɣ snulfu-ten-id, af-d amawal n uselmed iwatan. Deg tuget, amawal-nni ulac-it, ilaq ad t-id-tesnulfuḍ. Mi d-tsumreḍ awal, yezmer ad ak-d-iban ixuss ar deqqal. Tzemreḍ ad d-tafeḍ awal yifen winna ama deg tfukli-ines, ama deg uẓar seg i d-yennulfa, ama …atg. Dɣa, tezmer ad ak-tessiweḍ teswiɛt ad tbeddleḍ ayen i d-tsumreḍ uqbel. Ur nelli ara deg tegnit tamagnut deg tban tsudut ara d-isumren, tban tin ara yesitgen (évaluer), ara t-iweznen uqbel ad d-yeffeɣ. Yeqqar unzi: “ Yeshel uqabac deg ufus n Ɛemmi” neɣ yeqqar wayeḍ: “Limmer tayerza s wallen, win tufiḍ ad yesserwet”.
Asnerni n tutlayt d usnulfu deg-s, mačči d urar akken i
t-ḥesben kra, maca, d ilugan, d tarrayt, d turdiwin…
Acu ara ak-iniɣ. Ilaq wid ilan tamussni taẓrayant akked tmussni n tutlayt meḥsub ila timseɣbula n tutlayt (ressources de la langue). Win terḥa temsalt, win yettxemmimen akk ɣer temsal n uslugen aṭas aya. Win ur nessin ara s tehri iferdisen n tɣessa n mennaw n tentaliyin timaziɣin ula ay t-id-yawin ɣer uslugen n tutlayt tamaziɣt. Amek ara yeslugen tamaziɣt win ur nessin ara ula d tira tumrist (notation usuelle). Amdan ur nuri ara ula d aḍris s tmaziɣt, amek ara yettekki deg usmuken (amenagement) d uslugen (normalisation) n tmaziɣt. Win ur nezmir ara ad yakez xeṛsum s turda ansi i d-kkan wawalen n Umawal n tmaziɣt tatrart, ad iwali kan acu n ccɣel-nniḍen ara yexdem. Win iwumi ur telli tmeslayt deg wul, ad yessexser ur as-yehwi lḥal. Ilaq win ara yekkren s aslugen n tutlayt, yessefk ad yili d amdan amasay (responsable) acku tutlayt mačči d taɣawsa n menwala. D nettat i d tigejdit n tmagit, yis-s ay tbennu tɣerma, ur tezmirt ad tili kra n tmetti neɣ kra n tmezdit (communauté) mebla tutlayt-is. D tuylayt ay itteqqnen iɣerfan ɣer yimezwura-nsen, ɣer umezruy-nsen. D tutlayt ay d asalel n yidles. Γef waya akk, amdan ara yegren afus deg uslugen n tutlayt d tamasit (responsablité) tameqqrant. Ilaq ad iẓer anda ara yesres iḍarren-is acku imal n tɣerma d yidles, imal n uɣref, a-t-an gar yifassen-is.
Ma neqqel ɣer tseddast, ma d nekkni i d tt-yesseddayen neɣ d nettat i d aɣ-yesseddayen ?
Tamezwarut, taseddast d tagruma n tannumiwin yellan deg tmetti, d tannumi ad tt-id-tafeḍ deg tmetti am wakken yelmed bnadem ayen-nniḍen, deg ukala s wayes yettaɣ amkan di tmetti (la socialisation), am wakken daɣen tettekki deg-s tmeslayt. Annect-agi, ad ibeggen belli tutlayt d tasudut tanmettit (institution sociale), ur yezmir ara yiwen umdan weḥd-s ad tt-ibeddel. Xas ulamma s tigawin n yimdanen i tgemmu, i tettbeddil tmeslayt. Acu kan, ccɣel-agi yettaṭṭaf lweqt. Ilugan n tseddast yerzan tutlayt, yufa-ten-id umdan, tamara ad imeslay akken, i wakken ad t-fehmen medden. Ma d abeddel yella wanda imdanen, s kra kra ad glun s ubeddel n tseddast n tutlayt. Amedya di teqbaylit: Taseddast i nsell tura neɣ yettilin di tira, simmal tettbeddil, temxalaf ciṭ ciṭ ɣef tseddast taqburt i d-nufa ɣer wid yellan ttmeslayen kan taqbaylit. Nezmer ad d-nini belli llant i snat tigi; taseddast teḥkem, axaṭer ma ur tettmeslayeḍ ara akken ur tt-fehmen ara medden, d acu kan, mi ara yesexdam umdan tameslayt-nni, igellu-d s ubeddel deg tseddast.
Acu i d amihi n usexleḍ gar tutlayin ɣef tseddast d tutlayt s timmad-is, ladɣa tamaziɣt ?
Mi ara tili tmeslayt texleḍ, rwint deg-s aṭas n tmeslayin, d anammal neɣ d tamatart i d-yemmalen belli tutlayt-nni tenṭer. Axaṭer deg unagraw n tutlayin, tufa-d iman-is teṭṭef tama n wadda, timeslayin yewwin ccan d yiseɣ d tiyaḍ, netta ur tt-id-iṣṣaḥ ara umkan ameqqran gar-asent. Tameslayt-nni iwumi i d-keccment tutlayin-nniḍen ɣer daxel n wagens, alarmi tewwi tama n wadda ur tessaweḍ ad tqabel timeslayin-nni iǧehden, yezmer ad tili d yiwet tallit gar talliyin ara tt-yawin ɣer nnger. Simmal txelleḍ, simmal anagraw-is d yilugan-is ttehtutan, tteftutusen, yezmer ad teffeɣ ɣer wayen-nniḍen. Asexleḍ-agi n tutlayin, d amihi ameqqran, d acu kan, yugar akken yella d anammal wala d amihi s yiman-is. Meḥsub, netta s yiman-is d analkam n lḥala n tmeslayt, asexleḍ-nni d tawtilt (agemmuḍ) n lḥala i tuɣ tutlayt-nni.
I ma nniɣ-k ar melmi aselmeds tmaziɣt deg ugezdu n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ n tesdawit n Tizi Uzzu ?
Ad nini kan ayen yellan, yella cwiṭ n uselmed n tmaziɣt s tmaziɣt, maca drus maḍi. Di temsalt-agi, ur d-kkateɣ di ḥedd, ur ttakkeɣ lheqq i ḥedd. Acu kan tamsalt-agi n uselmed s tmaziɣt deg ugezdu n tmaziɣt, d tamsalt n yal aselmad. Yal wa d acu yettgabar, d acu iwumi yettqissi, ansa ara yekk neɣ amek yettḥalfi…atg. Tura lukan d lebɣi-k ay ul, tusiḍ-d ad txedmeḍ deg tsudut iwumi semman agezdu n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ, iban yixef-is, ur i yi-d-yawin ara tutlayt-nniḍen. Tɛedda tallit-nni n lexṣaṣ n ttawilat d tmara n uselmed s tefransist, mačči d nettat ara yuɣalen d lqanun ireṣṣan ad neselmad yis-s. Tamsalt-agi, tugel daɣen ɣer tutlayt yettwagelzen, yewwin tama n wadda, dɣa selmaden s tutlayt-nni i tt-walin tufrar-d fell-as. Ula d iselmaden ixeddmen deg ugezdu-a yis-s i d-ttawin aɣrum, am wakken ma mačči s tefransist i yesselmad mačči d tamussni, ma ur yeselmed ara s tefransist ur yessin ara, ur igi ara ccan d yiseɣ i yiman-is imi s tmaziɣt i yesɣar.
Acimi ulac amɛiwen gar yigezda n tmaziɣt yellan di tmurt, yal wa iḍerref iman-is di teɣmart ?
Agezdu n tesdawit d tasudut, yebna ɣef yisdawen d yiselmaden akked temsirin daya. Ma d tamsalt n unadi, acu ara ten-yesddukklen i wakken ad negrawen ɣef yiwen yiswi? Tlaq tsudut ara ten-yezdin i wakken ad mlilen yimussnawen-agi ara d-yelhin s ferru n temsal. Limmer di lebɣi, yal wa ad isumer ayen iwala, syin ad yettwaxlaq ugraw meẓẓiyen ara d-yesddukklen akk ayen i d-yettwasumren, syin ad fernen ayen i iwulmen maca s ṣṣwad d lmeɛqul.
Uqbel ad nesali tadiwennit-a, acu n yizen i tebɣiḍ ad tessiwḍeḍ i medden ?
Cukkeɣ di tmurt-nneɣ, yewweḍ-d lawan ideg win yessnen akka ciṭuḥ, ad izzem iman-is, ad iwali acu i ilaqen i wakken tamurt ad tili d agni ideg yal yiwen ad yaf iman-is. Win ixeddmen tameslayt, yeqqen ɣer laṣel ad t-yexdem akken ilaq lḥal, mebla ma yekkat deg wiyaḍ. Win yebɣan ad tṣeggem, iṣeggem qbel iman-is. Mkul yiwen ad yexdem ccɣel-is s ṣṣwab d lqanun, ad naweḍ ɣer wanda nebɣa. Ma nettwali ass-a, llant tutlayin yewwḍen igenni, d imawlan-nsent i tent-irefden, ulac aɣref i d-yufan tutlayt tewjed. Win ur d-neɛni ara tameslayt-is, ur yumin ara belli iman-is d amdan i yella.
Awal n taggara i tdiwennit-agi…
Nessaram ussan i d-iteddun ad d-awin tafat, i wakken tiqeracin-agi n tutlayin i d aɣ-d-undin si 1949 ar dagi ad frunt. Ulamma amezruy, yefra-tt-id, isebggen-d d acu-t Uzzayri, d acu-tent tmeslayin-is. Nessaram lewqam di taluft-agi, imi aḍref nebda-t-id, ilaq ad ikemmel alamma yuɣal-as wazal i tmeslayt n tmaziɣt. Ilaq ad nesiweḍ dakken agezdu n tmaziɣt, ad yesselmad s tmaziɣt. Neḍmeɛ ahat yiwwas, taqbaylit ad tili d tutlayt tamezwarut deg tmurt n Leqbayel, ama deg uxxam ama deg tesnegmiyin deg uɣerbaz akked tesdawit, syin ɣur-s ad d-rnunt tutlayin-nniḍen mreḥba yis-sent. D nettat ara iseddun aswingem d yidles n yimdanen, ma yexḍa wayagi, am win iḥekmen ɣef yiman-is ad yeqqim d aneggaru gar leǧnas.
Yesteqsa-t Adaoun Abdelghani