Aɣmis n Yimaziɣen: Deg kra n wawalen, mmeslayeɣ-d ɣef yiman-ik?
Yahia Yanes: Luleɣ ass n 03 deg waggur n yennayer 1967, deg Yiwaḍiyen deg lwilaya n Tizi Uzzu. Lliɣ yakan d aselmad n tutlayt n tmaziɣt deg tesnawit, syin deg uɣerbas alemmas n Hamida deg Buɣni. D amedyaz d amaru atrar s tmaziɣt, imi uriɣ yakan 02 n yidlisen s tutlayt n tmaziɣt, iɣef ara d-nawi awal deg tdiwennit-agi.
Ʃecra n tesyar deg yiwen n ulemsir, amek-itent-teḥyiḍ akk a mass Yanes?
D tidet, xeddmeɣ aṭas n lecɣal deg tudert-iw, maca yal taɣawsa deg umkan-is u deg wakud-is. Qeddceɣ deg ddeqs n yiḥricen d taɣulin yemgraden, ad d-bedreɣ gar-asent: idles amaziɣ, tira n yidlisen, taɣamsa, addal, anadi, isaragen, timsikniyin, tiddukkliwin tidelsanin, aseddu n tezrigin…atg.
Ahat, tirmit-ik deg uselmed n tmaziɣt tεawen-ik aṭas deg tira s tmaziɣt, mmeslay-aɣ-d ɣef wannecta?
Asmi lliɣ d aselmad, ssarameɣ d akken tamaziɣt, ad tuɣal, ad tesεu amkan deg tudert-nneɣ n yal ass, ad tili d tutlayt ara yesseqdac umdan, i wakken ur tettɣimi ara d tuffirt. D tidet, tirmit-iw deg uselmed n tmaziɣt tεawen-iyi i wakken ad aruɣ idlisen yerna s tmaziɣt. Mačči d aselmed-is kan, maca uqbel anect-a, tella leḥmmala-nni i tmaziɣt, d timeɣnest-nni-ines i d aɣ-yeğğan ad naru u ad neqdec deg-s.
Mmeslay-aɣ cwiṭ ɣef leqdic-ik deg unnar n tira d waddal?
Seg wasmi meẓẓiyeɣ, ḥemmleɣ tamaziɣt, bɣiɣ ad qqedceɣ fell-as u deg-s. Ḥemmleɣ diɣen tamedyazt, i bdiɣ deg useggas n 1986, asmi sɛiɣ 19 n yiseggasen deg leɛmer-iw. Seg wass-nni ar ass-a, uriɣ ar tura azal n 1000 n yisefra s teqbaylit, ɣef yisental yemgraden. Deg useggas n 2012, sazergeɣ-d ɣer tezrigin Richa Elsam, adlis-nni wis sin iwumi semmaɣ «D kemm a tayri». D ammud n 75 n yisefra s teqbaylit, ideg riɣ tajmilt i tmeṭṭut taqbaylit deg waṭas n yisefra. Imi ula d nettat teḥrez tutlayt d yidles-nneɣ amaziɣ. Uriɣ yakan deg tɣamsa yettwarun s tmaziɣt d tefransist, imi uriɣ imagraden deg sin n yiɣmisen n tmurt-nneɣ wigi d La Dépêche de Kabylie, ideg uriɣ timucuha-w deg-s tmaziɣt. Am wakken diɣen i yuriɣ deg uɣmis-nniḍen. Ma deg waddal, lliɣ tturareɣ aṭas n tewsatin n waddalen yemxalafen. Syin, uɣaleɣ d asleɣmay ɣef leṣnaf-agi n waddal, d wiyaḍ.
D acu i d tamuɣli-ik ɣef tira s tmaziɣt s umata?
Deg tallit-agi taneggarut, la nettwali belli aṭas n yidlisen ara d-itteffɣen deg yal aḥric n tẓuri neɣ n yidles, d ayen yesferaḥen aṭas aṭas. Ladɣa tamedyazt d tin ara d-ittefɣen mliḥ iseggasen-agi ineggura, maca llan ula d ungalen, tullisin, timucuha, timezgunin…atg.
Ḥku-ɣ-d taqsiḍt-ik akked tmedyazt?
Asmi lliɣ qqareɣ deg useggas wis rebɛa n uɣerbaz alemmas, lliɣ ḥemmleɣ ad d-ɣreɣ u ad ḥewwseɣ, ad nadiɣ anamek-nsen. Ladɣa isefra yura Victor Hugo, d wid n Charles Baudelaire…atg. Sakin uɣaleɣ sefruyeɣ . Ḥemmleɣ diɣen tamedyazt n ucennay-nneɣ ameqqran Sliman Azem, dɣa ula d netta xedmeɣ-as tajmilt.
Ahat d timeɣnest-nni n tmaziɣt, I ak-idemren ɣer tɣamsa?
D tidet, tamaziɣt d rruḥ-iw, imi ssefraɣ yis-s, lemdeɣ-tt syin slemdeɣ-tt, tura la qqedceɣ fell-as. Uqbel ad iliɣ d aneɣmas deg tɣamsa, lliɣ yakan d ameɣnas deg yiseggasen n 1980. Ttawiɣ tamaziɣt deg wul-iw, yis-s i ttidireɣ. Uriɣ yakan deg sin n yiɣmisen n tmurt-nneɣ, syin kedmeɣ d imceggeɛ n radyu n teqbaylit Numidya n tmurt n Marikan. D tidet ur xdimeɣ ara asileɣ deg wayen yerzan taɣamsa, maca d leḥrara-nni akked d leḥmmala-nni n tmaziɣt, iyi-d-yellin abrid ɣer tira deg yiɣmisen.
Amek i ilaq ad yili umaru neɣ umeskar deg tmetti?
Ilaq ad d-yawi ayen ara d-yaru iseɣ d ubaɣur i tmetti-ines, ladɣa ma yella wayen akken yura d amaynut. D netta ara d-yinnin ayen yebɣa d wayen yuggi ugdud, s ttawil n yizen yesεedday deg tira-s.
Amek-it usizreg n yidlisen deg tmurt-nneɣ?
Asizreg n yidlisen deg tmurt-nneɣ, yenqes s waṭas mačči am zik, acku s unekcum n ttawilat itiknulujiyen atraren, sneqqsen mliḥ taɣuri. Zik, deg ubrid neɣ deg wallalen n usiweḍ ala win ara twaliḍ yeqqar adlis, ma d tura ala win ara twaliḍ yeṭṭef tilifun. Ma d adlis n tmaziɣt, ugur-is imi tuget n yimdanen ur ɣrin ara tamaziɣt. Ad yili yiwen yebɣa ad iɣer kra n udlis s tmaziɣt, ad as-yekkes lebɣi wugur-nni n tɣuri, imi ur yezmir ara ad d-iɣer ayen yettwarun s tutlayt-is n tyemmat.
Imi kečč d amedyaz, yadra ma tettekkiḍ deg tfaskiwin n tmedyazt?
Tɛedda yiwet n tallit, ttekkaɣ deg kra n tfaskiwin n tmedyazt, i d-yettilin deg tmurt n Leqbayel. Syin, uɣalen nnan-iyi-d ilaq kečč ad tiliḍ d aɛeggal deg tesqamut n uktazal, imi walan belli isefra-w lhan s waṭas, imi d aselmad diɣen n tmaziɣt. Acu kan, nekk ur zmireɣ ara ad iliɣ d aɛeggal deg tesqamut n ufran n yisefra. Ma d tura yal tafaska n tmedyazt, ttiliɣ kan deg-s d amaru neɣ d amasizrag maca mačči d amedyaz.
Ma tesmedyizeḍ kan ɣef tudert-ik, neɣ ɣef tin n umdan s umata ?
Isefra ḥuzan akk taɣulin yellan, yerna nekk ur ssefrayeɣ ara kan ɣef wayen i yi-ɛnan nekkini kan, maca ttaruɣ ɣef wayen tettidir talsa s umata. Ad d-fkeɣ kra n yisental ara d-ifken ttbut ɣef wannect-a, gar-asen : Igujilen, tayri, tameṭṭut, imeɣban, imuḍan, tamagit neɣ tumast tamaziɣt, addal, timetti…
Ahat d tuqqsa n tayri i ak-idemren ɣer tira n tmedyazt, neɣ ala ?
Deg ddunit merra, win ara ak-yinin ur ḥemmleɣ ara tayri, ur i yi-tḥuza ara leḥmmala, yeskadeb. Tayri, tella ula ɣer yiɣersiwen, mačči ɣer yimdanen kan. Tayri daɣen ur telli ara kan gar urgaz d tmeṭṭut, tella tin n tyemmat d yell-is, tella tin urgaz ɣer mmi-s, tella tin n yimeddukkal d temeddukkal…
D acu n wassaɣ yellan gar waddal d tira ?
Uqbel akk ad kecmeɣ deg yidles, deg tɣamsa tamaziɣt. Uqbel daɣen ad iliɣ d amaru neɣ d amedyaz, liɣ yakan d anaddal. Imi i t-bdiɣ deg useggas n 1979, ar ass-a mazal xeddmeɣ ayen iwumi zemreɣ. Syin akkin, seg useggas 1987, uɣaleɣ d asleɣmay n waṭas n leṣnaf n lkarati. Acu kan, xeddmeɣ addal deg lwaqt-is am wakken diɣen xedmeɣ akud i tira. Addal, iɛawen-iyi aṭas deg tira am wakken qqaren : ‘‘allaɣ iṣeḥḥan deg tfekka iṣeḥḥan’’. Ad ferseɣ tagnit i wakken ad weṣṣiɣ ilmeẓyen-nneɣ akken ad xedmen addal i d-asen-yehwan. Imi werǧin yella waddad d aɛewwiq ama deg leqraya neɣ deg tira.
D acu n yisenfaren i tessewjadeḍ sya ɣer sdat?
Isenfaren mačči d yiwen mačči sin, imi azal n 15 n yidlisen i wejden i wakken ad d-ffɣen. Imi nekk aql-iyi nekk d Mass Nekkar ɣef uqerruy n tezrigt “Tamagit”, tura rniɣ-d tizrigin “Planétaire”, dɣa ttezwiriɣ deg wayla n medden, ttağğeɣ axeddim-iw d aneggaru. Sya ɣer taggara n useggas n 2017, ad d-suffɣeɣ azal n xemsa n yidlisen.
Awal-ik n taggara?
Nessaram d akken leεtab ad yeffeɣ ɣer tafat, tanemmirt-ik a Mass Adaoun imi tgiḍ azal i nekk d leqdic-iw adelsan, tanemmirt s tussda i Uɣmis n Yimaziɣen (La Dépêche de Kabylie), imi i yi-iga amkan deg yisebtar-is. Slam-iw ɣef wid iyi-ḥemmlen d imeɣriyen-inu di yal amkan.
Yesteqsa-t Adaoun Abdelghani