Asmi i tendeh tegrawla n Lezzayer, ass n umenzu n unbir 1954, yella-d uheggi-ines yakan uqbel, sɣur terbaɛt iwumi ssawalen tarbaɛt n 22. Syin akkin, tennulfa-d Tesqamut yettwassnen s yisem n Tesqamut n 6, Ben Boulaïd, Didouche, Bitat, Ben M’hidi, Boudiaf d Krim. Maca kkin daɣen deg tesqamut-a, kraḍ n wudmawen-nniḍen ara igensesen tagrawla deg berra n wakal n tmurt, akken ad d-allen tagrawla s wayen iwumi tesra, ladɣa imrigen, wigi d Ait Ahmed, Ben Bella d Khider. Maca tella yiwet n tneqqiḍt, aṭas ur d-nemmeslay ara fell-as, imi ɣer tidet, tasqamut, tella s yisem n 6+3+3, imi llan kraḍ n wudmawen-nniḍen i yettuɛeyynen ad kkin deg usṭerḍeq n tegrawla, maca addad n yimir ur ten-yeǧǧi ara, wigi d Abane Ramdane, Debaghine d Dahleb.
Tikti n ugraw
Deg temliliyin timezwura i gan 6-nni yellan deffir n usṭerḍeq n tegrawla, msefhamen d akken ad d-yili Ugraw amatu ara d-yessemlilen iɣella, deg waggur n yennayer 1955, akken ad xedmen tuddsa d leḥsab n yigemmaḍ uɣur tessaweḍ tegrawla. Maca ur d-yeḍri ara wayen-nni, imi akken kan tendeh, llan yiɣella i yettwaṭṭfen sɣur tamhersa n Fransa, am Bitat, Ben Boulaïd, d rrwaḥ n Boudiaf ɣer berra. Llan wid yettwanɣan, am Badji Mokhtar, Didouche d Souidani Boujemaa. Akken diɣen i d-temmuger tegrawla uguren d imeqqranen deg wayen yerzan taywalt gar temnaḍin, imi yal ta tettwaɛzel ɣef tayeḍ, d tdersi n leslaḥ yellan gar yifassen n yimjuhad.
Asmi i d-yeffeɣ Abane Ramdane seg lḥebs deg tazwara n useggas n 1955, yerna-d tallelt meqqren i tegrawla, akken ad telḥu ɣer sdat. Yeṭṭef tama n tmanaɣt, iga acuddu u yessashel taywalt gar temnaḍin. Ma neẓra belli Abane, yella yakan, deg ukabar aɣerfan Azzayri, u yelmed akken iwata tasertit d uselḥu n lumur. Asmi i d-ḍrant ẓẓedmat n ugafa n Qsenṭina i yessuddes Zighoud Youcef deg ɣuct 1955, aṭas n twaɣit i d-ssegrant i snat n tamiwin. Tamhersa n Fransa tḥus s tebɣest i wwin yimjuhad yid-sen. Ɣas akken tagrawla tettkemmil, maca war tuddsa d ubrid ibanen, ɣef waya i yessawel Abane i yiɣella-nniḍen, akken ad d-yili ugraw ara ten-id-yessemlilen, d win yettwassnen s yisem n Ugraw n Soummam. Deg-s ad gen taḥawact uɣur tessaweḍ tegrawla deg 22 n wagguren-is imenza, ad ṣeggmen ayen ixuṣṣen, u ad ktazlen igemmaḍ.
Agraw n Soummam
Yessawel-d ɣur-s Abane, yembaddal isallen d yiɣella-nniḍen n tegrawla. Yettwafren ad d-yili deg Yifri, deg temnaḍt n Uzellagen, deg tmurt n Leqbayel, imi d adeg asetratiji, yeffren ɣef wallen n ucengu Aṛumi. Yettwafren wass n 20 ɣuct 1956, imi i d-yezzi useggas ɣef ẓẓedmat n ugafa n Qsenṭina, d unekcum n temsalt tazzayrit ɣer tuddsa n tmura yeddukklen. Yessemlal-d Ugraw udmawen igejdanen, gar-asen; Larbi Ben M’hidi, Abane, , Zighoud , Krim, Ouamrane d Bentoubal. Ma d Amirouche yeṭṭef, taɛessast n Ugraw d tuddsa n yimjuhad. Ɣaben ɣef Ugraw n Soummam, kra n wudmawen yekkin deg undah n tegrawla, am yiɣella n temnaḍt tamezwarut, L’Aurès, imi yettwanɣa Ben Boulaïd, uqbel Agraw (Meɣres 1956). Rnu tekker gar wid yeṭṭfen tamnaḍt-a, ɣef waniwa ara yuɣalen deg umekkan-is. Ma d tarbaɛt yellan berra n tmurt, am Ait Ahmed, Khider d Ben Bella, ulamek ara d-kecmen, imi bdan ttejmaɛen-d leslaḥ, akken ad t-id-skecmen ɣer wakal n tmurt. Maca Ben Bella, yeffeɣ-d mgal tineqqiḍin i swayes i d-yeffeɣ Ugraw.
Igemmaḍ n Ugraw
Kra seg yigemmaḍ i d-yeffeɣen seg Ugraw n Soummam, ad naf: aseɛdel gar unagraw aserdasan d usertan deg uselḥu n lecɣal n tegrawla; ttwaxedmen legradat iserdasanen; tigin n tkarḍa tamaynut ara imuqlen ɣer yimal deg ubrid ara tawi tegrawla d tallit n seld tagrawla; abeddel n usemmi n temnaḍt s yisem n twilayt; axlaq n twilayt tis sḍis (sseḥra); tamnaḍt n tmanaɣt ad tili d tilellit; aseǧhed n FLN deg berra n tmurt, am di Fransa, Tunes d Lmerruk; asekcem n yakk iwellihen-nniḍen d yikabaren yellan di tmurt akken ad ddukklen Yizzayrien ɣef yiwen n yiswi, d timunent d tlelli i ugdud.
Tineqqiḍin i swayes i d-ffɣen
Asnulfu n Useqqamu aɣelnaw n tegrawla tazzayrit (CNRA), deg-s 34 n yiɛeggalen, d aseqqamu ara d-ixelqen syin akkin Anabaḍ uɛḍil Azzayri (GPRA), ɣef uqerruy-is Ferhat Abbas. D Aseqqamu-a ara d-yefken talalit i Teseqqamut n ucuddu d usnas (CCE), deg-s 5 n yiɛeggalen. Agraw n Soummam, yewwi isem n temlilit tamezwarut n FLN. Amgarad i d-yellan deg ugraw, d akken seld timunent n tmurt, d anwa ara yesselḥun lecɣal, d isertanen neɣ d iɛsekriyen. Ɣef waya i d-yeffeɣ Ugraw n Soummam, s tukci n tazwara (priorité) i tama tasertant ɣef tama n tserdasant, acku s tsertit ara telḥu tmurt seld tagrawla, akken diɣen i d-tella tazwara n wid yettjahaden daxel, ɣef wid n berra, acku tagrawla daxel n tmurt i tella, deg berra d tallelt kan i tettmuddu.
Wid i d-yekkren mgal agraw
D anemgal n kra n umeslay i d-yettilin sya u sya, belli Agraw n Soummam, yerwi tagrawla, yeffeɣ i ubrid n unbir 1954, acku wigi sɛan iswiyen-nniḍen, idyulujiyen neɣ isertanen. Di tallit-nni yakan n tegrawla, wigi ur ten-yecɣib ara umennuɣ mgal tamhersa, maca tecɣeb-iten tuṭṭfa n leḥkem seld timunent. Amedya n Ben Bella i yellan deg terbaɛt tamzwarut n unbir 1954, yellan berra n tmurt. Ur as-yeɛǧib ara rray n tazwara n wid n daxel ɣef wid n berra, imi netta di berra i yella. Acku di tidet, ɣef wakken i t-id-yenna Pr Belaid Abane, d amnadi deg umezruy, yella yugi-as Djamel Abdenacer, aselway n tmurt n Maser, imi yella yeqreb mliḥ ɣur-s, akken diɣen i t-id-ttheggin i tallit n seld tagrawa, akken ad d-yekcem ad yeḥkem.
Ar tama-ines Ahmed Mehsas i yettukelfen s tguri n leslaḥ ɣer wakal n tmurt, yeffeɣ-d mgal tasertit n Abane. Amar Ben Aouda, i d-yennan deg kra n tdiwenniyin-is akked tɣamsa, belli Agraw n Soummam, yeffeɣ i ubrid n uselḥu n tmurt ɣef ubrid n tneslemt, netta yuɣ lḥal imsuddsen n Ugraw, ur d-srisen ara yakk ɣer tɣerɣert timsal n ddin d tumast. D annect-nni i yessawḍen tamurt n Lezzayer ɣer ucerrig d ugrireb-ines.
Agraw n Lqahira d tmenɣiwt n Abane
Aseggas kan seld tigin n Ugraw n Soummam deg, ɣuct 1957, tella-d temlili tis snat i d-yesemlalen iɣella n tegrawla deg ugraw n Lqahira, ḥeḍren deg-s wid yessuddsen Agraw n Soummam akked wid iɣaben fell-as. Deg ugraw-a n Lqahira, tella-d tukksa n kra n tneqqiḍin i swayes i d-yeffeɣ win n Soummam, am tazwara n tsertit ɣef tserdasit akked daxel ɣef berra. Leryuy-a bla ccek, ur ɛǧiben ara Abane Ramdane i yemmalen ɣer ubrid aserti, d ṣṣwab n uselḥu n tegrawla tazzayrit. Kkren-d mgal-is wid yesmenyifen abrid aɛsekri, am wid yettwassnen s yisem n kraḍ «B», Belqasem Krim, Boussouf d Bentoubal, ur bɣin ara ad d-yekk nnig-sen Abane, imi d win yettmeyyizen : ugaden limmer ad asen-yaker leḥkem seg gar yifassen-nsen. Aṭas n temcukal i d-yellan gar-asen syin akkin, ladɣa gar Krim akked Abane urǧin i d-nemzig. Umbeɛd, rnan-d ɣur-s sin-nniḍen Bentobal d Boussouf, ladɣa.
Ttbut n waya, d timenɣiwt n Abane, deg duǧamber 1957, sɣur ineggura-a deg Merruk. Tigawt n tmenɣiwt n Abane, tettuneḥsab d tiyita n tuffra amezwaru (premier coup d’état) deg tmurt n Lezzayer, uqbel win n 1962 sɣur tarbaɛt n Weǧda, d win n 1965 sɣur aneɣlaf n temḥaddit Boumedyen, s uḥizi n wudmawen isertiyen, d uselḥu n lumur sɣur iɛsekriyen.
Tagrayt
Yettuneḥsab ugraw n Soummam, d beddu n tallit d tnufli n ugdud Azzayri deg tegrawla, akken ad d-iḥelli tilelli-ines. Isres iswiyen n tegrawla deg ubrid ibanen. Yella-d d akemmel n ubrid i d-wwin wid yesṭerḍqen tagrawla deg 1954. Yessers llsas iṣeḥḥan n umennuɣ asetratiji mgal acengu Afransis, yettuneḥsaben di tallit-nni gar yiɣallen imaḍlanen iǧehden. Agraw n Soummam, yeffeɣ-d s yiberdan iɣef ara telḥu tegrawla tazzayrit.
Khaled Achoui